Abantu bahlala benomdla kwimitha. Kukhutshwa ngamandla kombane wendalo. Ihlala ivela ngexesha lesiphango esivelisa ukubetha kombane. Oku kuphuma kombane kuhamba kunye nokuphuma kokukhanya okwaziwa ngegama lombane kunye nesandi esaziwa ngegama lendudumo. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi iintlobo zemitha kuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi kunye nemilo abanayo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemitha kunye nokuba zenziwa njani.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ukukhutshwa kombane okuphuma kumbane kukhatshwa kukukhutshwa kokukhanya. Oku kuphuma kokukhanya kwaziwa njengombane kwaye kubangelwa kukudlula kombane okhupha iimolekyuli emoyeni. Emva koko, kwavakala isandi esaziwayo ngegama leendudumo kwaye siphuhliswa ngumtshangatshangiso. Umbane ovelisiweyo udlula emoyeni, uyatshisa, uwandisa ngokukhawuleza umoya kwaye uvelise ingxolo yomhlaba. Imitha ikwimeko yeplasmatic.
Ubungakanani bentsingiselo ye-ray imalunga ne-1500 yeemitha. Njengomdla, ngo-2007, esona sibane sakha sabanekude e-Oklahoma saza safikelela kuma-321 eekhilomitha ubude. Umbane uhlala uhamba ngesantya esimalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-440 ngomzuzwana kwaye unokufikelela kwisantya esifikelela kwi-1400 yeekhilomitha ngomzuzwana. Umahluko onokubakho sisigidi sam sevolthi ngokubhekisele emhlabeni. Ke ngoko, le mitha inobungozi obukhulu. Malunga nezigidi ezili-16 zezaqhwithi ezibhaliweyo zirekhodwa kwiplanethi nganye ngonyaka.
Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemitha, ziveliswa ngamasuntswana aqinisekileyo emhlabeni kunye nokubi emafini. Oku kungenxa yokukhula nkqo kwamafu abizwa cumulonimbus. Xa i-cumulonimbus ifikelela kwi-tropopause (indawo yokuphela kwetroposphere), iintlawulo ezilungileyo ilifu linoxanduva lokutsala iintlawulo ezimbi. Le ntshukumo yeentlawulo ngeatmosfera yiyo eyenza imitha. Ihlala yenza ifom yokubuyela umva nangaphambili. Ibhekisa kumasuntswana anyuka ngephanyazo kwaye abuye abangele umbono wokuba imitha iyehla.
Umbane unokuvelisa amandla akhawulezileyo esigidi esinye seewat, esinokuthelekiswa nesiqhushumbo senyukliya. Uqeqesho ngaphakathi kwemeteorology olunoxanduva lokufunda ngombane nayo yonke into enxulumene nayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-cerraunology.
Ukusekwa kweentlobo zombane
Uqala njani umothuko wombane isengumba wengxoxo. Izazinzulu azikabinako ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi ezona zinto zibangela oku. Abona baziwa kakhulu ngabo bathi ukuphazamiseka emoyeni kuyimbangela yemvelaphi yeentlobo zombane. Oku kuphazamiseka emoyeni zibangelwa lutshintsho lomoya, ukufuma kunye noxinzelelo lomoya. Iziphumo zomoya welanga kunye nokuqokelelwa kwamasuntswana elanga ayaxoxwa.
Umkhenkce kucingelwa ukuba lelona candelo liphambili kuphuhliso. Kwaye kungenxa yokuba inoxanduva lokukhuthaza ukwahlula phakathi kweentlawulo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngaphakathi kwelifu le-cumulonimbus. Umbane unokwenzeka nasemafini othuthu ngenxa yokuqhushumba kwentaba-mlilo okanye isenokuba sisiphumo semililo yehlathi enobundlobongela edala uthuli olukwaziyo ukudala intlawulo emileyo.
Kwi-hypothesis ye-elektroniki yoqheliso sinokuthi iirhafu ziqhutywa ziinkqubo ezingaqinisekanga ngabantu. Ukwahlulwa kweerhafu kufuna ukuba kubekho umoya okhoyo phezulu, onoxanduva lokuthwala amathontsi amanzi aye phezulu. Ngale ndlela, xa amathontsi amanzi efikelela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo apho kubakho umoya obandayo ojikeleze indawo, ukupholisa okukhawulezayo kuyenzeka. Ngokwesiqhelo la manqanaba afakwa kwi-supercooled kumaqondo obushushu -10 kunye nama-20 degrees. Ukudibana kweekristali zomkhenkce zenza indibaniselwano yamanzi nomkhenkce ekuthiwa sisichotho. Ukungqubana okwenzekayo kubangela ukuba intlawulo entle ithunyelwe kwiikristali zomkhenkce kunye nentlawulo engeyiyo kwisichotho.
Imisinga iqhuba ukukhanya kweekristal zomkhenkce phezulu kwaye kubangele intlawulo elungileyo yokwakha ngasemva kwelifu. Okokugqibela, isenzo somxhuzulane woMhlaba senza ukuba isichotho siwe ngeentlawulo ezimbi njengoko kunzima ukusondela embindini nakwindawo ezisezantsi zefu. Ukwahlulwa kweentlawulo kunye nokuqokelelana kuyaqhubeka de amandla ombane abe anele ukuqalisa ukukhutshwa kombane.
Enye ingcinga ekhoyo malunga nendlela yokwenza izinto ngokwahlulahlula inamacandelo amabini. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:
- Ukuwa komkhenkce kunye namaconsi amanzi aya kuba ngombane ngalo mzuzu bathi bawele kumhlaba wendalo wombane.
- Ukuwa kwamasuntswana omkhenkce oko Zidibana kwaye zihlawuliswe ngokungeniswa ngombane.
Iindidi zemitha
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemitha ezinempawu ezithile. Owona mbane uqhelekileyo ngoyena ujongwa rhoqo kwaye waziwa ngokuba yi-streak ray. Le yinxalenye ebonakalayo yomkhondo we-ray. Uninzi lwazo lwenzeka phakathi kwelifu ukuze zingabonakali. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zemitha:
- Umbane ukuya kumhlaba ophantsi: yeyona yaziwa kakhulu kwaye eyesibini ixhaphake kakhulu. Imele isoyikiso esikhulu kubomi nakwipropathi. Iyakwazi ukuchaphazela umhlaba kunye nokukhutshwa phakathi kwelifu le-cumulonimbus kunye nomhlaba.
- I-Pearl ray: luhlobo lombane ukuya kumhlaba obonakala ngathi uqhekeka kwikhonkco lamacandelo amafutshane, aqaqambileyo.
- Umbane westato: Olunye uhlobo lombane ukuya emhlabeni kunye nexesha elifutshane elibonakala ngathi kukukhanya kuphela. Ihlala ikhanya kakhulu kwaye ineempawu ezingqinekayo.
- Umqadi fork: Leyo yimitha ukusuka efini ukuya emhlabeni ebonisa ukuhlanganiswa kwendlela yabo.
- Umbane ophantsi komhlaba: Kukukhutshwa phakathi komhlaba kunye nelifu eliqala ngesibetho sokuqala saphezulu Inqabile ngakumbi kufuneka.
- Ilifu ukubaneka umbane: yenzeka phakathi kweendawo ezingadibaniyo nomhlaba. Oku kuhlala kwenzeka xa amafu amabini ahlukeneyo esenza umahluko kumandla ombane.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neendidi ezahlukeneyo zemitha kunye neempawu zazo.