Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentaba-mlilo ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yazo, i-morphology kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuma. Iziphazamiso zixhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nokumila kwentaba-mlilo nakwinxalenye ekhoyo phakathi kweentlobo zegesi, ulwelo kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezikhutshwa ngaphakathi. Uhlobo ngalunye lokuqhuma kunemiphumo eyahlukeneyo yokutshintsha kwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nabantu.
Kweli nqaku siza kukucacisela ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuma, ezona mpawu ziphambili kunye neziphumo zazo.
Kukuphi ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo
Xa sithetha ngogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo, sibhekisa kuzo zonke izinto eziphuma kwintaba-mlilo. I-volcano inegumbi elinomtsalane apho udaka kunye nazo zonke izinto ezishushu ziqokelela khona. Ezi zinto zivela kwiingubo zomhlaba kwaye, kwakhona, zivela kumbindi womhlaba. Kuxhomekeke kwi-morphology yegumbi elinomtsalane, izinto ezithile ziyaqokelela eziza kuthi kamva zikhulule enye okanye enye igesi. Eli gumbi libekwe nzulu kuqweqwe lomhlaba.
Apho uqhushumbo lwentaba-mlilo lwenzeka ngokuhlala. Umngxunya wentaba-mlilo kukuvulwa kwelona candelo liphezulu kwaye ihlala imile okwefaneli. Izixhobo kunye nelava egcinwe kwigumbi le-magma ziqhutyelwa kumngxuma ngomjelo obizwa ngokuba yitshimini.
Yiyo loo nto singatsho ukuba ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo kukugxothwa kwazo zonke ezi zinto ziye zaqokelelana kwigumbi lomlingo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuma kuxhomekeke kwi-morphology ye-volcano kunye nezinto eziqokelelweyo kunye neegesi. Umsebenzi weentaba-mlilo kunzima ukuwuqikelela. Zininzi izinto ezibangela ukuba kuqhambuke intaba-mlilo. Ngokwesiqhelo zonke iintaba-mlilo zinamaxesha okungasebenzi.
Abanye bahlala ngokusisigxina ngomsebenzi ophakathi kakhulu ophungula iimpembelelo ezimbi kokubini kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwimingcipheko yomntu. Ezo ntaba-mlilo zingasebenzi kangangeenkulungwane kwaye ziqhushumbe kuqhushumbo olukhulu lwentaba-mlilo zezona zinokuzisa ezona ngozi kubemi abakhe bahlala kwiilali ezingqonge intaba-mlilo.
Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zolu dubulo olusekwe kwiirhasi, ulwelo kunye nezinto eziqinileyo abazinikelayo, kunye nobume kunye nobungakanani baloo mlilo.
Iindidi zokuqhuma
Ukuqhuma kweHawaii
Olu gqabhuko luneempawu zalo eziphambili ze-magma ezinokubumba okungundoqo. Kungenxa yokuba udaka olukhulu lwenziwe ngumhlaba ophakamileyo. Ezi ntaba-mlilo ziqhelekile kwiziqithi zolwandle ezifana neziqithi zaseHawaii. Uqhushumbo lwaseHawaii lunezibungu ezinamanzi kakhulu kwaye alukhuphi gases emoyeni. Oku kubenza bangabi yingozi okanye kuqhume iziqhushumbisi.
Ukuze kuqhushumbe uhlobo lweHawaii, intaba-mlilo kufuneka ibenekhuselo kunye nethambeka eliphantsi. Izinga lokunyuka kwe-magma kwigumbi le-magma liyakhawuleza, kwaye i-runoffs ivela ngokukhawuleza.
Umngcipheko wezi ntaba-mlilo ulele kwinto yokuba lavas, ekubeni engamanzi kangako, ayakwazi ukuhamba imigama efikelela nakwiikhilomitha. Endleleni ehamba ngayo, banako ukuvelisa umlilo kunye nokutshabalalisa iziseko ezidlula kuzo.
Ukuqhuma kweStrombolian
Olu gqabhuko-dubulo lunemagma yolwakhiwo olufanayo nolwangaphambili. Ngamanye amagama, indalo isisiseko se-basaltic kwaye ineqabaka elumanzi kakhulu. Ngokungafaniyo nokudubula kwangaphambili, i-magma inyuka ngokuthe chu kwaye iyaxubana namanye amagwebu erhasi anokukwazi ukufikelela kwiimitha ezili-10 ukuphakama. Ngokungafaniyo noqhushumbo lwaseHawaii, ezi ntaba-mlilo zibonisa ukuqhuma okungapheliyo.
Nangona zingavelisi iikholamu ezihambisayo, ii-pyroclast ziyadubula zichaza ii-trajector ze-ballistic kwaye ziphele zisasazwa kwimeko-bume ejikeleze iikhilomitha ezimbalwa ezijikeleze umngxuma. Olu dubulo alunabundlobongela, ngenxa yoko ayinabungozi. Bayakwazi ukuvelisa ii-lava cones.
Ukuqhuma kweVulcan
Siqhubekela kolunye lweentaba-mlilo esele zinokudubula okuphakathi. Imvelaphi yolu dubulo lwenzeka xa kuvuleka imijelo yeentaba-mlilo ephazanyiswe yingqele. Ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngamzuzu ambalwa ukuya kwiiyure. Ziqhelekile kwimagcano ekhupha umagma eziphakathi ekubunjweni phakathi kweasidi kunye nesisiseko.
Iikholamu azidluli kwiikhilomitha ezili-10 ukuphakama kwaye ugqabhuko-dubulo luthathwa njengoluphantsi luyingozi.
Ukuqhuma kukaPlinian
Le yenye yezona ntlobo zityebe kakhulu zerhasi. Ezi gesi ziyanyibilika kunye nemagma kwaye zibangele ukwahlukana kwayo kwii-pyroclast ezahlukeneyo. Iipyroclast zenziwe ngepumice kunye nothuthu. Kuwo wonke lo mxube weemveliso wongezwa ngesantya esiphezulu sonyuko ngetshimini kunye nokudubula okulandelayo. Ukuqhuma kuhlala kuzinzile kokubini ngokomthamo nakwisantya. IiMagmas zihlala zine-viscosity ephezulu kunye nokwenziwa kwesiliceous.
Umngcipheko wabo uphakame kakhulu kuba iikholamu eziqhumayo zenziwe nge-mushroom kwaye zibangela ukuba bafikelele kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezifikelela kwi-stratosphere. Kulapha apho kubakho khona uthuthu olunamandla, oluchaphazela i-radius yeekhilomitha eziliwaka ezizikwere.
Ukuqhuma kweSurtseyan
Zizona ziqhuma kakhulu apho i-magma inxibelelana nesixa esikhulu samanzi olwandle. Uqhushumbo luthe ngqo kwaye ngenxa yoqhakamshelwano olunalo udaka olunamanzi olwandle, amafu amakhulu omphunga wamanzi aveliswa ngombala omhlophe oxutywe namafu amnyama avela kwii-paltoclast ze-basaltic.
Ukuqhuma kwe-Hydrovolcanic
Zizo ezo ntlobo zokuqhuma apho kukho ukungenelela kwamanzi. I-Lava ihlala ixutywe kunye namanzi e-phreatic layer kwaye ibangela ukunyuka kwe-magma nge-chimney ye-volcano. Iziqhushumbisi ziphantsi A kwaye ziveliswa elulwalweni ngaphezulu komthombo wobushushu obunamandla. Bahlala bevelisa ukungcola kunye nolunye udaka.
Njengoko ubona, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwentaba-mlilo, ubukhulu kunye nokumila kwazo kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngalo.