Isiqabu kusingasiqithi wethu sibonakala sisiqabu esisezintabeni. I iintaba zaseSpeyin Zibonakaliswa ngokuba nesiqabu esirhabaxa kwaye zahlulwe zibe ziindawo eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo, iiplateaus kunye noxinzelelo. Ngombulelo kolu hlobo lwesiqabu, kukho iintlobo ezihlala zihleli kunye nezikhethekileyo zepeninsula yethu.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela malunga neempawu eziphambili zeentaba zaseSpain, ukukhululeka kwazo kunye nokubaluleka kwazo.
uncedo lwaseSpain
Ummandla waseSpeyin ugubungela izikwekhilomitha ezingama-505.956 yaye uquka uninzi lweSiqithi sase-Iberia, iZiqithi zeBalearic, iZiqithi zeCanary, kunye nezixeko zaseCeuta naseMelilla kuMntla Afrika.
Ubume bomhlaba obuvezwa yiSpain namhlanje sisiphumo sezigidi zeminyaka yembali yokwakheka komhlaba, iphenjelelwe kakhulu kukungqubana kwamacwecwe aseAfrika naseYurophu. Ukongeza koku, iinkqubo ezingapheliyo ezifana nentshukumo yentaba-mlilo kunye neenkqubo zangaphandle ezibangelwa yimiba yangaphandle efana namanzi nomoya zidala ukwakheka kwejoloji okwahlukileyo phakathi kommandla.
Ngoko ke, I-Spain ibonisa iyantlukwano enkulu kwi-topography ye-peninsula kunye nemimandla engaphandle kunye neendawo eziphantsi kwamanzi. Ukuze sazi ukuba luhlobo luni loncedo olukhoyo eSpeyin, kufuneka siqale siqonde iimpawu ezibangela oko. Okokuqala, makhe sijonge iimpawu zomhlaba wepeninsula:
- Ukuphakama: Umyinge wokuphakama ziimitha ezingama-660.
- Shape: Ngenxa yobubanzi beekhilomitha ezili-1094 ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona, kongezwe kulwandiso kunye nokulandelelana konxweme, ukumila kwalo likhulu kakhulu, linamacala amane kwaye liphantse lilingane.
- Inkqubo yeentaba: Ngaphandle kweSierra Ibérica kunye neSierra Litoral Catalana, iintaba zibaleka ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona kwaye zenze umqobo wendalo ngokuchasene nemimoya efumileyo evela kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki.
- Ulwabiwo lwangaphakathi lomhlaba: Ummandla waseSpain ulungelelaniswe kwiiyunithi zethafa eliphakathi, elimele i-45% yommandla womhlaba waseSpain. Ijikelezwe ziinduli, imisele, kunye neentaba ezithe qelele.
Iimpawu zeSpanish insular relief zinokwahlulwa zibe zezi zilandelayo:
- Iziqithi zaseBalearic: Xa kuthelekiswa neZiqithi zaseCanary, isiqabu sayo sithe nca iintaba. Ukongeza, iZiqithi zeBalearic zenza ulwandiso lwendawo yeeNtaba zeBaetic kuLwandle lweMeditera, yiyo loo nto zinendawo yepeninsula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iiCanary Islands zizimele ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yemvelaphi yazo yentaba-mlilo kunye nendawo.
- Iziqithi zaseCanary: yenziwe yi-magma ekhutshiweyo kwi-African plate fault zone, kunye ne-magma yoqina ukuze yenze iziqithi. Kwezi Ziqithi zaseCanary, apho umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo usasebenza, umhlaba unentaba-mlilo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo sifumana iicalderas, iicones, calderas, badlands, canyons and glaciers.
Ngoku ukuba uyazazi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zepeninsula kunye ne-insular reliefs, siza kunika iinkcukacha kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo zokunceda eSpain.
iintaba zaseSpeyin
ithafa eliphakathi
Yeyona ndawo iphambili yembonakalo yelizwe laseSpain, ithafa elikhulu eliwela imilambo ethi ekugqibeleni ingene kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki. Igubungela umbindi wePeninsula yase-Iberia, idlula kwiindawo zaseCastilla-León, eCastilla-La Mancha nase-Extremadura. Ngokulandelayo, iindawo eziphakamileyo zohlulwe zibe yimimandla emibini yinkqubo yeentaba ezisembindini:
- Ithafa eliseMantla okanye ukudakumba kweDuero: wawela umlambo iDuero.
- I-sub-plateau okanye ukudakumba okusemazantsi eTagus-Guadiana kunye neLa Mancha: wawela umlambo iTagus neGuadiana.
inkqubo yeentaba
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukho amaqela amathathu eentaba kwintsimi yaseSpain, makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na:
Iintaba ngaphakathi kwePlateau
Ababini kubo, njengoko igama labo libonisa, babekwe embindini wethafa:
- Emantla ngakumbi yi Inkqubo esembindini: yenziwe ziintaba zeSomosierra, Guadarrama, Gredos kunye neGata, iAlmanzor iyeyona incopho iphakamileyo.
- Ngokubhekele phaya emazantsi Iintaba zaseToledo: udederhu lweentaba ezisezantsi. Kukho iSierra de Guadalupe kunye neLas Villuercas, eyona ncopho iphakamileyo yeentaba.
Iintaba ezijikeleze ithafa
Iintaba ezikumda weCentral Plateau zezi:
- Iintaba zaseLeón: Emantla-ntshona, iintaba zayo aziphezulu kakhulu, kwaye iTeleno Peak yeyona iphakamileyo.
- Iintaba zaseCantabrian: Emantla kunye nonxweme lwaseCantabrian. Kukho iintaba eziphakamileyo apha, kunye neTorre de Cerredo yeyona ndawo iphakamileyo.
- Inkqubo yase-Iberia: Ngasempuma, yahlula iCentral Plateau kwi-Ebro Valley.Incopho yeMoncayo yeyona iphakamileyo.
- eSierra Morena: Emazantsi kukho udederhu lweentaba olwahlula umbindi wethafa kwiNtlambo yaseGuadalquivir. Iintaba aziphezulu kakhulu, apha sifumana iSierra Madrona, kunye neBañuela yeyona iphakamileyo.
Iintaba zaseSpeyin kude nethafa
Kwezona ndawo zikude kwithafa elikumbindi sifumana olu dederhu lweentaba lulandelayo:
- IsiGalician Massif: Kumntla-ntshona basezantsi, kodwa iCabeza de Manzaneda yeyona iphakamileyo.
- Iintaba zeBasque: Emantla, phakathi kwePyrenees kunye neeNtaba zeCantabrian. Incopho yayo yeCorey yenza eyona ndawo iphakamileyo.
- IiPyrenees: Kwakhona emantla, benza umda wendalo phakathi kweSpeyin neFransi. Ziintaba eziphakamileyo, eyona ncopho iphakamileyo yiAneto. Ungaphoswa ziinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nezityalo nezilwanyana zasePyrenees kwinqaku elilandelayo leGreen Ecology.
- Inkqubo yonxweme lwaseCatalan: Ngasempuma kweli thafa, kukho udederhu lweentaba ezimelene nonxweme lweMeditera. IMontserrat kunye neMontseny zezona ndawo ziphakamileyo.
- Iinkqubo zeBaetic: Zifumaneka kumzantsi-mpuma weMeseta kwaye zenziwe ngodederhu lweentaba zePenibética kunye ne-Subbética.
ukudakumba
ESpain sifumana iindawo ezimbini zokudakumba ezinkulu ngaphandle kwethafa elikumbindi. Ziindawo ezithe tyaba, eziphakamileyo phakathi kweentaba ezinemilambo ehamba kuzo. Makhe sibone ukuba ziyintoni na:
- Ukudakumba kwe-Ebro: ithafa elingunxantathu kumntla-mpuma weSpeyin, phakathi kwePyrenees, iiNtaba zeIberia kunye nonxweme lwaseCatalan. Umlambo i-Ebro uyawuwela.
- Guadalquivir Depression: Kwakhona imilo engunxantathu, ibekwe kumazantsi-ntshona eSpain, phakathi kweentaba zeMorena kunye neBética. Iwelwa ngumlambo iGuadalquivir.
Ziqithi
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ummandla waseSpain ubandakanya iziqithi ezibini ezikhulu, ezizii-archipelagos, oko kukuthi, iqela leziqithi:
- Iziqithi zaseBalearic: Iqukethe iziqithi ezi-5: iMallorca, iMenorca, i-Ibiza, iFormentera kunye neCabrera. Zimi kunxweme lweMeditera kwimpuma yeSpain. Ukukhululeka kwe-archipelago ayikho intaba, kunye neentaba zeTramuntana ukuya enyakatho yeMallorca kunye neyona ndawo iphakamileyo yiPuig Major.
- Iziqithi zaseCanary: Kukho iziqithi ezi-7 ezenza i-archipelago, iLanzarote, iFuerteventura, iGran Canaria, iTenerife, iLa Gomera, i-El Hierro kunye nesiqithi saseLa Palma. Zikwafumaneka nakulwandle lweAtlantiki entshona Afrika. Umhlaba olapha uneentaba ezinemvelaphi yentaba-mlilo. Eyona ncopho iphakamileyo, iTeide, iseTenerife kwaye yeyona iphakamileyo kulo lonke elaseSpain.
Iindleko
Ekugqibeleni, iSpain inonxweme olubanzi olwahlulwe lwaba ngamacandelo amathathu, angala:
- I-cornice yaseCantabrian: unxweme olusemantla, olusuka kumda weFransi ukuya kwincam ye-Estaca de Bares. Apho safumana amawa amaninzi.
- Unxweme lweMeditera: Ukusuka kwiStrait yaseGibraltar ukuya kumda waseFransi, lolona nxweme lude eSpain.
- Unxweme lweAtlantiki: Ukusuka kwincam ye-Estaca de Bares ukuya kwiStrait yaseGibraltar. Ngokwenene yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: ukusuka kwincam ye-Estaca de Bares ukuya kwichweba laseMiño (emantla ePortugal); ukusuka kumda osemazantsi wePortugal ukusa kwiStrait of Gibraltar; kunye nonxweme lweCanary Islands.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neentaba zaseSpain kunye neempawu zazo.