Iintaba-mlilo zezinye zezinto zendalo eziyingozi enkulu ebantwini. Nangona bengenamsebenzi ocacileyo ixesha elide, banokugqabhuka nangaliphi na ixesha, kunye nemiphumo emibi kwezinye iimeko. Umtsalane weendawo ezininzi zokutyelela ubukho bentaba-mlilo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonwa njengomboniso wendalo, kodwa ivelisa uloyiko oluninzi okanye olungaphezulu kumandla ayo okutsala wonke umntu oza kuwubona. Zikhona kwakhona iintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo kwihlabathi jikelele ezisakhupha udaka.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neentaba-mlilo ezisaqhushumbayo kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye zithini iimpawu kunye nendawo yazo.
Index
Iintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo kwihlabathi jikelele
Intaba mlilo
Le volcano inde ngaphezulu kwesixeko saseCatania kwisiqithi saseSicily. Sele ikhula kangangeminyaka engama-500.000 kwaye ibinothotho lweziqhushumbisi ezaqala ngonyaka ka-2001. Ibuye yaqhambuka kangangezihlandlo ezininzi, kuquka uqhushumbo olunamandla kunye nokuqhuma okukhulu kwamadaka. Ngaphezu kwe-25% yabemi baseSicily bahlala kumathambeka eNtaba i-Etna, nowona mthombo wengeniso yesiqithi, kuquka ezolimo (ngenxa yomhlaba otyebileyo wentaba-mlilo) kunye nokhenketho.
Ekuphakameni okungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3.300 XNUMX, yeyona ntaba-mlilo iphezulu kwaye ibanzi kunazo zonke kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo kulwandle lweMeditera kunye nentaba ephezulu e-Itali emazantsi eeAlps. Ujonge uLwandle lweIonia ngasempuma, uMlambo iSimito ngasentshona nasemazantsi, kunye noMlambo iAlcantara emantla.
Ugqabhuko-dubulo luka-Etna luphantse lufane. Intaba-mlilo iye yagqabhuka ubuncinane izihlandlo ezilishumi kule minyaka mi-4 idlulileyo (ukususela ngo-1971 ukuya ku-2021). Umsebenzi we-Etna ubhalise iziganeko ezinobundlobongela kakhulu ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye, ngelixa ngezinye izihlandlo uye wavelisa kuphela ukukhutshwa kwelifu legesi. Kwimpuma yeSicily kukho iMount Etna, enye yezona ntaba-mlilo zidumileyo nezisaqhushumbayo ehlabathini.
IStromboli
Kukho isiqithi esincinci kumazantsi eItali. Imvelaphi yayo yintaba-mlilo kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yiStromboli. Le volcano isebenzayo ikuyo kwaye yenye yezona ndawo zinomtsalane kubakhenkethi kuLwandle lwaseTyrrhenian. Ukusuka kwizixeko ezikufuphi kakhulu nentaba-mlilo, njengeMesina, iLipari okanye iMilazzo, unokukhwela isikhephe kwaye ujonge amanzi esiqithi. Ebusuku, unokubona ugqabhuko-dubulo lodaka olusuka kwintaba-mlilo kumathambeka eSciara del Fuoco.
I-Kïlauea, eyona ntaba-mlilo iqhumayo eHawaii
Yintaba-mlilo eyeqela leentaba-mlilo ikhaka. Iqhele ukwenziwa phantse ngokupheleleyo ludaka olumanzi kakhulu. Ububanzi bayo bukhulu kunobude bayo. Ngqo, Ilinganisa i-1222 yeemitha kwaye inecaldera encotsheni yayo emalunga ne-165 yeemitha ubunzulu kunye neekhilomitha ezintlanu ububanzi.
Ime kumazantsi mpuma esiqithi saseHawaii kwaye iyafana kakhulu nentaba-mlilo ekufutshane ebizwa ngokuba yiMauna Loa. Kwiminyaka emininzi oososayensi babecinga ukuba i-Kilauea yayiyindlela yokuncamathela eMauna Loa. Nangona kunjalo, ngezifundo eziphambili ngakumbi bakwazile ukufunda ukuba inegumbi layo le-magma elinabela ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-60 ubunzulu. Le ntaba-mlilo ayixhomekekanga komnye umntu ukuze yenze umsebenzi wayo.
I-Kilauea yenye yezona ntaba-mlilo zisebenzayo eMhlabeni. Ifumaneka kwi Ipaki yeSizwe yeeVolcano zaseHawaii kumphakamo weemitha ezili-1247. Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwale ntaba-mlilo luye lwaqhubeka ukususela oko kwenziwa iingxelo zokuqala zembali ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Yindawo ekhuselweyo ye-UNESCO njengoko ithathwa njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi. Inomlingiswa omdaka wentaba-mlilo yaseHawaii kwaye iye yaba yeyona ndawo iphambili yabakhenkethi.
inyiragongo
Ubukhulu bentaba-mlilo iNyiragongo buyamangalisa. Ifumaneka kwiDemocratic Republic of the Congo, yenye yezona ntaba-mlilo zisebenzayo eMhlabeni. Imi kwiVirunga National Park kwaye iziimitha ezingama-3.470 ukuphakama.
Ukusekwa kwale ntaba-mlilo yaseAfrika iphawuleka ngokuqulatha amachibi e-lava, isenza isitya esikhulu selava esimalunga neemitha ezingama-230 ububanzi. Nangona iimfazwe kulo mmandla ziye zawenza nzima umsebenzi we-volcanology, kukholelwa ukuba ingozi yentaba-mlilo iya kuqhubeka isanda kwaye inokunyuka phakathi kuka-2024 no-2027.
INtaba iYasur
IVanuatu lilizwe elenziwe ziziqithi ezininzi. Omnye wabo yiTana apho iMount Yasur ikhona. Yenye yezona ntaba-mlilo zifikelelekayo ehlabathini ngenxa yobukhulu bayo (iimitha ezingama-361 ukuphakama) kunye nophando olubanzi olwenziwa kwindawo.
Urhulumente wasekhaya uye waseka imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yezilumkiso ukwazisa abakhenkethi ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokutyelela. Ngoko, unokucinga ngokukhuselekileyo ngogqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu ngaphakathi eMhlabeni.
Intaba-mlilo yoMlilo
Ifumaneka kumazantsi eGuatemala, le ntaba-mlilo yenye yezona zinto zisebenzayo eMhlabeni. Inogqabhuko-dubulo logonyamelo oluqhubekayo. Imibhalo evela kwinkulungwane ye-1524 ibonisa ukuba uPedro de Alvarado, umnqobi we-Extremadura, wabona enye yezi qhushumbo ngo-XNUMX. Ukususela ngoko, iye yagqabhuka izihlandlo ezingama-20.
geldingardalur
Le ntaba-mlilo ikumhlaba waseIceland. Intlambo iyaziwa ngobuntu obufudumele kakhulu, kodwa ubundlobongela obuncinci. Yindawo enomdla kakhulu kwi-volcanology, njengoko ugqabhuko-dubulo luka-2021 luthetha oko USingasiqithi weReykjanes uye wakhupha i-magma okokuqala malunga neminyaka engama-800..
Intaba-mlilo yaseColima
EMexico kukwakho neentaba-mlilo. Intaba-mlilo yaseColima, emalunga neemitha ezingama-4.000 XNUMX ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, ingumzekelo omhle. Kutshanje, iijethi zelava kunye nokukhutshwa kothuthu nomsi zifunyenwe. NjengoPopocatepetl, Yenye yezona ntaba-mlilo ziyingozi kwiLatin America.
Ipaki yeNdalo yaseCumbre Vieja
ICumbre Vieja Natural Park iseLa Palma, enye yezona ndawo zisebenzayo zentaba-mlilo eSpain. Olona gqabhuko-dubulo lwamva nje lubonisa ubomi bangaphakathi baseLa Palma. IMalpaises, igama elaziwa ngokuqukuqela kodaka oluqinileyo, yenye yeendawo zemveli zeziqithi.
Sakurajima, isimboli saseJapan
Ukujongana nesixeko saseKagoshima yiSakurajima, enye yezona ntaba-mlilo zisebenzayo eMhlabeni. Amawakawaka ogqabhuko-dubulo ziye zarekhodwa kule nxalenye yeJapan kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Ngamaxesha omsebenzi omkhulu wentaba-mlilo, umjikelezo wayo uvaliwe kubantu basekhaya kunye nabakhenkethi ngezizathu zokhuseleko, kodwa ngexesha lokuzola kunokutyelelwa ukonwabela iindlela zokuhamba.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neentaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo emhlabeni kunye neempawu zazo.
Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula