Kwihlabathi leemeteorology, iimephu ezimele iimeko zomoya, izaqhwithi, ii-anticyclones, njl. Zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze ukwazi ukuqikelela imozulu. Iimephu zemozulu aziyonto ngaphandle kokumelwa kwemifanekiso okusinceda ukuba sazi amaxabiso eziguquko ezithile zemozulu ezinendawo ethile yejografi. Phakathi kwazo zonke izazi zemozulu zisebenzisa ezi mephu, kuba ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunika ulwazi oluninzi kunye nomfanekiso onomdla malunga nazo zonke iimeko esinokuzifumana emoyeni.
Kule meko siza kuthetha ngemvula okanye iimephu zamvula. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba zisebenza njani ezi mephu kwaye zinceda njani ukuqikelela imozulu?
Izinto eziguquguqukayo zemozulu
Ukufumanisa ukuba imozulu izakuba njani ngosuku olulandelayo, oochwephesha bemozulu bafunda ezona zinto zibalulekileyo zemozulu ezinikezela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nomoya ojikeleze umhlaba. Enye yezinto ezibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya luxinzelelo lwemozulu. Emhlabeni, uxinzelelo lomoya lubonakalisiwe kwimephu ye-isobar. Iisobars yimigca apho uxinzelelo lomoya lufanayo. Ke ngoko, kwiimephu apho kunokubonwa khona iiisobars ezahlulwe ngokubanzi, oko kuya kuthetha imozulu elungileyo kunye nozinzo lomoya.
Kwelinye icala, ukuba imephu ye-isobar inemigca emininzi ngokudibeneyo, kuthetha ukuba isaqhwithi okanye inkanyamba iyasondela. Kodwa umbuzo uvela kuyo yonke le nto, kutheni le nto imigca enexinzelelo lomoya elilinganayo ibonisa ukuba isivunguvungu sisondela? Ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo lwasemoyeni kunye nokubakho kwemvula ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Ukusondela kwee-isobars, kokukhona ubukhulu bomoya uvuthuza kwaye, ke, kuya kubakho ukungazinzi komoya. Oku kungazinzi kunokubangela imvula njengoko siza kubona kamva.
Ngemigca ye-isobar kunokwenzeka ukuba wazi ukuba umoya ozayo uya kushushu, ube manzi, ukuba uvela kwiPole okanye ukuba uvela kwilizwekazi. Ukuba kwimephu ye-isobar sifumana indawo apho uxinzelelo lweatmosferi luphezulu, kubekwe "A" kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba kukho i-anticyclone. Lo ngummandla wozinzo lomoya omkhulu, kuba intshukumo yomoya iyehla kwaye kuthintela ukuyilwa kobumnyama. Ke ngoko, kolu hlobo lwemeko kunzima kakhulu ukuba ine.
Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba uxinzelelo luqala ukwehla, kwindawo apho ixabiso lifikelela ubuncinci u "B" uyakubekwa kwaye kuthiwa kukho indawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi. Kule meko kuya kubakho ukungazinzi komoya omkhulu kwaye kuyakubakho iimeko ezingakumbi zemvula. Xa indawo ephantsi koxinzelelo ikhatshwa yimozulu yemvula kunye nomoya onamandla ngakumbi, ibizwa ngokuba yi-squall.
Iimephu zemvula kunye nemida
Isaqhwithi
Kwiimephu zemvula imida ikwaboniswa ezithi zenziwe xa ubunzima bomoya, bobabini bubanda kwaye bushushu, badibana kwaye babangela imvula enkulu. KwiNyakatho yeNtlabathi, kwi-anticyclone, umoya ujika emva kweesobars ukuhamba kwexesha kunye notyekelo lokushiya kude neziko. Kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba umoya uya kuhlala usiya kwiindawo apho kukho uxinzelelo lwemozulu oluncinci.
Kwelinye icala, kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi, Umoya uhamba ngokungqamana newotshi kwaye iya kwiziko loxinzelelo oluphantsi.
Xa ufuna ukumela umphambili kwiimephu zemozulu, ii-isobars zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa umkhombandlela kwaye ukuba umphambili ubushushu okanye ubanda. Imida ebandayo imelwe ngoonxantathu abancinci kunye nabashushu ngeesemilingi Umanyene kumgca ogubungela wonke ummandla oza kuhlala ngaphambili.
Umphambili awuyonto ngaphandle kwendawo enkulu yokungazinzi komoya apho izidibanisi zomoya ezimbini zidibana khona zikumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo. Ukuba ubunzima bomoya obandayo bufikelela kwindawo apho iqondo lobushushu liphezulu, iifom zangaphambili ezibandayo. Xa oku kusenzeka, amaqondo obushushu ngokubanzi ayehla kwaye imvula inokwenzeka ngendlela yemvula okanye ngekhephu. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba ubunzima bomoya bufikelela kwindawo enobushushu obuphezulu, indawo efudumeleyo iya kubakho. Kule meko, amafu nawo aya kubakho, kodwa amaqondo obushushu aya kuba mandla kwaye imvula iya kunqaba.
Ezinye iimephu zemvula
Ukufumana imeko entle yemozulu, izazi ngemozulu azikwazi ukujonga kuphela iimephu ze-isobar, kodwa zijonge nakwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zemozulu. Umzekelo, olunye uhlobo lweemephu ezisetyenzisiweyo zezo zemozulu ukuphakama, ebizwa ngokuba yi-isohipsas okanye iimephu ze-geopotential. Isohipsas yimigca edibanisa amanqaku abekwe kwindawo efanayo kwaye kwinqanaba elithile loxinzelelo lomoya. Le migca inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nobushushu bomoya kumaleko omoya. Malunga ne-5.000 yeemitha zokuphakama, uxinzelelo lomoya yi-500 hPa.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngamanye amaxesha, umoya ofudumeleyo, ukuba sincinci kakhulu kuthanda ukunyuka. Xa oku kusenzeka kwaye kwezona ndawo ziphakamileyo zemozulu zidibana nobunzima bomoya obubandayo, intshukumo yomoya ethe nkqo iyakwenzeka eya kubangela iimeko zokungazinzi apho kunokubakho imvula.
Ezi meko zokungazinzi komoya kwenzeka xa imephu ye-isohipsas ibonisa isitya okanye amaxabiso asezantsi e-geopotential. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ixabiso le-geopotential liphezulu kunye ne-isohipsas yenza umqolo, Yimeko apho ukuphakama komoya kubushushu obuphezulu kwaye, ke ngoko, imeko yemozulu izinzile ngakumbi kwaye akunakulindeleka ukuba kubekho imvula.
I-NASA kunye nemephu yemvula yehlabathi
Ngo-2015, i-NASA yakhupha imephu yemvula yehlabathi ehlaziywa rhoqo kwiiyure ezintathu kwaye ibonisa lonke ulawulo lwemvula kwilizwe liphela nangexesha lokwenyani. Imephu yemvula ivumela oososayensi ukuba baqonde ngcono ukuba izaqhwithi kunye nemimoya ihamba njani kuyo yonke imimandla yehlabathi.
Nali icandelo elincinci lendlela imephu yemvula ye-NASA esebenza ngayo:
Njengoko ubona, iimephu zemvula ziyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuqikelelo lwemozulu kwimozulu.
Molo, molweni ekuseni Germán Protillo, Ndifumene igalelo lakho kwiiMephu zeMvula zibaluleke kakhulu, umbuzo wam ngulo: Kukuphi okungafaniyo ekucetyiswa ngakumbi ukuba kufundwe uxinzelelo lomoya (iihectopascals okanye ii-millibars). Masinwabe
Molo, owona mlinganiso usetyenziswa kakhulu ziimeteorologists kunye nefiziks ngulo wee-millibars.
Enkosi kakhulu ngengcaciso yakho, imibuliso!