iifjords

Uhlobo lokwakheka komhlaba esinokulufumana kulo lonke iplanethi lu iifjords. Ziyimpawu zejografi ezibunjwe ngu-U kwaye zinokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwiplanethi efana neAlaska, kumanxweme aseIceland okanye eChile. Ukuqulunqwa kwayo kungenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zejoloji. Zibaluleke kakhulu kuphononongo lokwenziwa komfuziselo womhlaba.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga neefjords, iimpawu zabo kunye nokubaluleka kwazo.

yintoni iifjords

IiFjords ziintlambo ezikrolwe lukhukuliseko lomkhenkce, oluthi kamva luhlaselwe luze lukhukuliswe ngamanzi olwandle. Ngenxa yoko, iifjords zifumaneka kumanxweme kwezinye iindawo ezingaphaya kwama-40 degrees. I-latitude kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi kunye ne-50 degrees latitude kumntla we-hemisphere.

Iifjords zenziwe ngenxa yeelwimi zomkhenkce eziye zalinganisa ubume bendawo kuba amanzi akwiqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi kunoziro adale iintanda ezinkulu ematyeni, ngoko ke olu phawu lwejografi ludla ngokuba nobunzulu obukhulu, nangaphezulu kunamanzi olwandle awantywiliselayo. yona, iimitha ezili-1.300.

Ngokumalunga ne-etymology, igama elithi fjord livela kwigama elithi "fjord" (fjǫrðr), igama lesiScandinavia elithetha "ungahamba ujikeleze le ndawo", kuba kwiiVikings la machweba adibanisa ulwandle kunye needolophu zabo kwaye abavumela ukuba bahambe. de bafumane imihlaba emitsha.

Zenziwa njani iifjords?

Yakhiwe kwiibhiliyoni zeminyaka eyadlulayo, I-fjord yasinda kwiminyaka emininzi yomkhenkce, kwaye ukususela ngoko iilwimi zomkhenkce ziye zabumba umhlaba njengoko siwazi namhlanje. IiFjords zenza apho umkhenkce usika imiwonyo ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle emva koko uhle kwakhona, ukhupha iintsalela zentlenga ezihlala zisithelisa ubunzulu bokwenyani befjord. Ngelo xesha, i-fjord yasekwa xa amaqondo olwandle ayesezantsi kakhulu kunokuba kunjalo namhlanje. Xa umkhenkce unyibilika, amanzi olwandle anyuka ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-100, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba intlambo yomkhenkce emile okwe-U ikhukulise.

Ke ngoko, kwiifjords apho sifumana umlomo womlambo iScoresby Sund: akunakwenzeka ukufumana izilwanyana zaselwandle apho ubutyuwa obuphezulu buphantsi, ngelixa iindawo ezisezantsi zikhaya kwiintlobo ezifana neentlanzi ze-pelagic.

Kwezinye iimeko, iifjords azinawo amanzi anetyuwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukufumba kwentlenga efakwe lulwimi lomkhenkce kuye kwayivala ngempumelelo indlela eya emanzini olwandle.

Yeyiphi eyona fjord inkulu ehlabathini?

Ngoku uyazi ukuba zeziphi iifjords kunye nendlela ezenziwe ngayo, lixesha lokuba uthethe ngemizekelo ethile eya kukunceda uqonde olu hlobo lomhlaba. Ukuba sithetha ngeefjords, unokucinga kwangoko ngeNorway. Inyaniso, unxweme lwayo olusentshona likhaya kwiifjords ezingaphezu kwe-1.000. Kulapha, kwilizwe laseScandinavia, apho sinokufumana khona ixesha elide eNorway kunye nesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni, iSognefjord okanye iSognefjord.

Ifumaneka kwiphondo laseSogn og Fjordane, Le fjord iziikhilomitha ezingama-204 ubude kunye ne-1300 yeemitha ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle. Khumbula, koku kuye kwafuneka songeze incopho ye-800 yeemitha, apho iimbono zayo ezimangalisayo ziyakuthatha umoya wakho. Ukongeza, iSognefjord inengalo, iNærøyfjord, eye yaba yindawo yeLifa leMveli ye-UNESCO ukusukela ngo-2005.

Eyona fjord inde ehlabathini yi Scoresbysson Fjord eGreenland, eziikhilomitha ezingama-354 ubude nezingaphezulu kwe-1.500 yeemitha ubunzulu. Ukongeza ekubeni yeyona fjord inkulu emhlabeni, iphawulwa ziziqithi zayo ezininzi, kunye nokuhlaliswa kwabantu ngendlela yeelali ezincinci.

Le yimeko ye-Ittoqqortoormiit ephantse yangaziwa, idolophu ekumlomo wefjord enezindlu ezimbalwa ezinemibala ezenza ibukeke intle ngokwenene. Nangona idolophu inikezelwe ekuzingeleni iminenga kunye nezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle, okwangoku izixhasa ngokubulela kukhenketho, nangona ukufikelela kunzima ngamanye amaxesha.

Ngokobunzulu, eyona fjord inkulu ehlabathini iseAntarctica. I-Sheldon Bay ligama le-fjord efumaneka kule ndawo, eziimitha ezili-1933 ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle.

Ngelixa sikhankanye iifjords ezimbalwa, zininzi kumantla nakumazantsi ehemispheres. Ngoko unokuzifumana eNorway, eChile, eGreenland, eSkotlani, eNew Zealand, eNewfoundland, eBritish Columbia, eAlaska, eIceland naseRashiya.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu eziphambili zefjord zezi zilandelayo:

• Zinzulu kakhulu kwaye ziveze ilitye elingaphandle.
• Zibekwe kwiindawo ezigutyungelwe yimikhenkce.
• Zine-algae emxinwa enokulinganisa iikhilomitha eziliqela.
• Umlomo wayo unoluhlu lweengalo ezibizwa ngokuba ngamasebe.
• Zineendawo ezinamathambeka kunye nemiwonyo phakathi kolwandle kunye neencochoyi zeentaba.
• Imbonakalo-mhlaba yayo inomtsalane kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba igxile kukhenketho.
• Zimile okwetheku elijikelezwe ziintaba eziphakamileyo.
• Ezinye zinokuba ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-350 ubude kunye ne-1.500 yeemitha ubunzulu.
• Umgangatho wamanzi kwindawo yokuvula ngokuqhelekileyo ungaphantsi kune-fjord yonke.

Iifjords eziphambili kuwo onke amazwekazi

Europe

• fjords zaseNorway: Ziyindawo ekhangayo yabakhenkethi kummandla kwaye inokuchazwa njengama-glaciers ezintabeni.
• Oslo Fjord: Ifumaneka kwiSkagerrak Strait kumazantsi mpuma eNorway. Imalunga neekhilomitha ezili-150 ubude kwaye isuka kwi-Torbjornskjaer lighthouse ukuya kwi-Faerder lighthouse, emantla ukuya e-Oslo nasezantsi ukuya eLangesund.
• Sognefjord okanye Sognefjord: Yeyona fjord inde kweli lizwe kwaye yeyesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Umphantsi wayo ufikelela kwiimitha ezili-1308 ngaphantsi komgangatho wolwandle, kufuphi nomlomo womlambo, ubunzulu bulula, kwaye emva koko kuphakama ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwiimitha ezili-100 ngaphantsi komgangatho wolwandle.
• ULysejford Fjord: Ifumaneka eForsand, eNorway kwaye ithathwe kumatye egranite abonakala kumacala omabini. Yazalwa ukusuka kwi-glaciation ngexesha le-Ice Age.

EUnited States

• KwiKholeji yaseFjord: Ifumaneka kumantla eNkosana uWilliam Sound, eAlaska, eU.SA. Iqulathe imikhenkce emi-5 yamanzi olwandle, imikhenkce emi-5 yeGrand Canyon, kunye nenqwaba yemikhenkce emincinci. Yafunyanwa ngexesha lohambo lwaseHarriman ngo-1899.
• Isandi saseNassau: indawo yokungena ezimayile ezine ubude eAlaska, kwikhaya leChenega Tidal Glacier edumileyo. Ngenxa yobuninzi bomsebenzi womkhenkce kule fjord, yeyona ndawo ithandwayo ngabantu abaninzi abahamba ngeekayaker kunye nabakhephe.
• Quintupeu Fjord: Ikummandla waseLos Lagos kumazantsi eChile. Kulo mmandla kuxhaphakile ukufumana amathanga eengonyama zolwandle kunye neentaka zasemazantsi ezifana nePatagonia.
• Ukusuka kuGros Morne: Ifumaneka kunxweme olusentshona lweNewfoundland, eCanada. Kwi-1987, i-Mogao Caves ibhalwe njenge-UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Asia

• ukusuka e-oman: Ifumaneka kwi-Strait yaseHormuz kwaye ineendawo ezininzi ezintle, ezigcwele iindawo zeentaba ezenziwe xa i-fjord idibana nolwandle.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neefjords kunye neempawu zabo.