Kusenokwenzeka ukuba indawo ohlala kuyo inokuba nevumba elibi eliphuma kwimibhobho yogutyulo. Eli vumba lenziwa ngu hydrogen sulfide. Ikwaziwa nangegama lawo umjelo ophantsi komhlaba ohambisa amanzi amdaka kwaye iqhele ukunuka njengamaqanda abolileyo. Iveliswa kwiindawo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka nakwinkqubo yogutyulo. Idla ngokuba yityhefu egqithisileyo ebantwini.
Ngoko ke, siza kunikela eli nqaku ukuze sikuxelele yonke into omele uyazi malunga ne-hydrogen sulfide, imvelaphi yayo kunye neempawu.
Yintoni ihydrogen sulfide
Ukuba ufumana isikhalazo malunga nevumba kwindawo yakho, mhlawumbi i-hydrogen sulfide okanye "igesi yogutyulo" eyaziwayo. Ukuba uva ivumba lamaqanda abolileyo kufutshane okanye ekhaya, kakhulu kunokwenzeka hydrogen sulfide (H2S). I-H2S iveliswa kwiindawo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye neenkqubo zogutyulo. Ikwabizwa ngokuba "yigesi yogutyulo", iyityhefu kakhulu ebantwini.
Ubukho behydrogen sulfide kwimijelo ephantsi komhlaba ehambisa amanzi amdaka ngokuqhelekileyo bufunyanwa ngezikhalazo ezivela kubamelwane abasondeleyo abaneengxaki zokuvumba. I-Hydrogen sulfide yenziwa ziimpendulo zebhayoloji kwiinkqubo zogutyulo okanye iindawo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka. I-H2S iveliswa yi-anaerobic (anaerobic) fermentation ye-organic matter ekhoyo kumanzi amdaka.
Kwimibhobho, ukuba akukho oksijini, i-microorganisms iya kudla kwaye ivelise i-hydrogen sulfide, kunye nephunga eliqhelekileyo lamaqanda abolileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-sepsis kwaye ngunobangela wehydrogen sulfide kunye nevumba elibi elihamba nayo.
Ngaba iyingozi ebantwini?
IHydrogen Sulfide yirhasi engenambala, eyingozi eyenzeka kwimisele nakwimijelo ehambisa amanzi amdaka apho kungekho oksijini phantsi kweemeko ezithile (ezibizwa ngokuba ziimeko ze-anaerobic okanye iimeko ezidlekayo). Unefuthe elibi kwimpilo. Iyacaphukisa kakhulu i-mucous membranes yamehlo kunye nomgudu wokuphefumula.
Ngaphezulu koxinaniso oluthile, ihydrogen sulfide iya kwenza ii-anesthetize i-nerve olfactory, eyenza ukuba "inyamalale" kwaye iyenze ingabonakali ngokupheleleyo. Ke i-H2S inokuba yingxaki xa ungayilindelanga. Kubantu abadala, i-300 ppm (iinxalenye ngesigidi) iyabulala. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kwindawo evaliweyo, iHydrogen Sulfide inokubulala ngoko nangoko.
Kugxininiso olusondeleyo kwi-150 ppm, imvakalelo yokuvumba ikhawuleza idinwe kwaye ivumba elibonakalayo lijike libe bubumnandi obuphakathi kwaye linyamalale ngokupheleleyo. Kwimeko yayo esulungekileyo, ihydrogen sulfide inokutshisa ngokulula ukuvelisa idangatye eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngamanye amazwi, nakuphi na ukuvuza okwenzekayo kunokubangela umlilo.
Ukuba ayihlambulukanga, kodwa ixutywe nomoya (phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo ezibangela umonakalo kwimeko engqongileyo), iya kuba yinto eqhumayo. Imixube eqhumayo inokuqulunqwa kuluhlu olubanzi lokugxila (4,5% ukuya kwi-45,5% emoyeni). Ubushushu bokuzenzela, oko kukuthi, iqondo lobushushu apho irhasi inokutsha nangaphandle komthombo wangaphandle, yi-250 ° C.
I-Hydrogen sulfide ifumaneka emanzini, kwi-oyile, kwizithambiso, nakwi-hydrocarbons (i-oyile, i-naphtha, njl.). Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukunyibilika kwerhasi kuyo nayiphi na i-solvent yonyuka ngoxinzelelo.
Iingozi zehydrogen sulfide
Ukongeza ekukhupheni ivumba elibi elingaqhelekanga, inani elikhulu le-H2S liyacaphukisa kwaye liyityhefu ngakumbi xa ugxininiso luphezulu kakhulu kwindawo evaliweyo. Abasebenzi benkampani yokucoca amanzi abasebenza kwiindawo ezivaliweyo ngabona basesichengeni ngakumbi kule ngozi imbi kakhulu. Luxanduva lwabaphathi abaphezulu ukukhusela abasebenzi kwiingozi ze-hydrogen sulfide.
Makhe sihlalutye ukuba ngawaphi amanqanaba ahlukeneyo engozi yehydrogen sulfide:
- Yigesi enetyhefu: Ityhefu yehydrogen sulfide inobubanzi obubanzi. Ihlasela kwaye ikhubaze inkqubo ye-nervous kwaye ithintele ukuphefumla kweselula. Xa ukuphefumla okukodwa kunokubulala.
- Yirhasi eqhumayo: Inokutsha ngokugqithisileyo. Yenza imixube eqhumayo ngomoya. Ukudibana neemveliso ze-oxidizing kunokubangela imililo kunye nokudubula.
- Ayinakwenzeka: yirhasi eyingozi kwaye inzima kunomoya. Ngoko ke, inokuqokelela kwiindawo ezisezantsi zezakhiwo kunye nezikhululo zokupompa okanye izityalo zonyango. Benza iipokotho kugutyulo olumileyo kwaye bakhuphe izixa ezibulalayo zerhasi xa ugutyulo olunjalo lugxothwa ngenxa yokuhamba kwemibhobho. Ukukhubazeka kwi-olfactory kukuthintela ukuba wenze ukhuseleko lwendalo lomzimba kwigesi.
Indlela yokulwa le gesi
Olunye lweempawu zehydrogen sulfide kukuba ikruna izakhiwo zemijelo ephantsi komhlaba ehambisa amanzi amdaka kunye nezixhobo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka. Kwindawo eshushu, efumileyo yenkqubo yogutyulo, i-H2S iya ku-oxidize kwi-asidi ye-sulfuric. Le asidi yesulfuric inomhlwa kwaye iya konakalisa amanzi amdaka kunye neendawo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka.
Ukhukuliseko lunokubakho kwikhonkrithi, ubhedu, intsimbi, kunye nesilivere kwiitanki zokulungisa, izakhiwo kunye nezixhobo zombane. Ukuba akukho manyathelo okhuseleko athathwayo, imibhobho ekugqibeleni evezwe kulo mhlwa inokophuka. Ukonakala ngokukodwa kuchaphazela iindawo eziphantsi kwamanzi zemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi amdaka okanye izakhiwo ezikumaziko okucoca ilindle.
Izinga lokubola lixhomekeke kubungakanani be-H2S eyenziwe kunye nenqanaba lonyango lokuthintela. Ngoku kunokwenzeka ukunqanda ivumba leqanda elibolileyo eliqhelekileyo kumaziko okucoca ilindle okanye iinkqubo zogutyulo lwezixeko zethu noomasipala.
U-Yara udale i-YaraNutriox ™, inkqubo yokuthintela ukungcoliseka okubangelwa kukungabikho kweoksijini kwimibhobho yogutyulo okanye kwizityalo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka. I-YaraNutriox ™ ngumxube we-nitrate owahlukileyo weYara, ovavanyiweyo ngokuchasene nehydrogen sulfide kumakhulu eendawo kwihlabathi liphela. Izixeko ezifana neNew York, iParis, iCologne neMontreal baneYaraNutriox ™ yokucubungula irhasi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-hydrogen sulfide kwaye kutheni ingaba yingozi ebantwini.