Un ihlathi le-beech Bubutyebi bendalo obutsala ubuhle kunye nemfihlakalo. La mahlathi, uphawu lwemimandla ethile yehlabathi, ahlukaniswa ngokulawulwa bubukho bemithi ye-beech. Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni ungena kwindawo apho imitha yelanga ihluza emagqabini ize idale umxube wokukhanya nesithunzi kumgangatho wehlathi.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zehlathi le-beech, ukubaluleka kwayo kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Iimpawu eziphambili
I-beech, igama lenzululwazi elithi Fagus sylvatica, ngumthi ovuthulukayo ukuya kwi-40 yeemitha. Isiqu sayo sithe tye kwaye singqindilili, sinexolo eligudileyo, kwaye ithande ukugalela kude emhlabeni. Ukuba ikude neminye imithi, isithsaba sayo siya kujikelezwa, ngaphandle koko siya kuba sincinci kwaye singaqhelekanga, njengamahlathi.
Amagqabi alula, a-oval, kwaye aluhlaza ngombala, kodwa atshintshe umbala ekwindla ngaphambi kokuwa. Ebudeni belo xesha lonyaka, ziyayeka ukutya zize zijike zibe tyheli zize zibe mdaka. Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba ngeenxa zonke kwi-trunk ye-beech, ezinye izinto zinzima ukukhula ngenxa yokuba isithsaba saso sithintela ukukhanya okwaneleyo ukufikelela emhlabeni.
Luhlobo lwe-monoecious, oko kukuthi, kwi-specimen efanayo kukho iintyatyambo zesilisa kunye nesetyhini. Amahlumela okuqala avela ngamaqela angama-3-4 kwii-peduncle ezimfutshane ezimthubi.; eyokugqibela, kwelinye icala, nayo ihluma ngokwamaqela, kodwa ikwenza oko kwii-peduncle ezide, ezithobe kancinci.
Isiqhamo singqukuva, sine lobes ezine, siveza imbewu eyi 1-3, eyona ixhaphakileyo yi 2, imilo ye tetrahedron, iyatyiwa. Ezi zaziwa ngegama elithi beech. I-beech ngumthi wasendle okhula kwimimandla yaseYurophu apho imozulu ipholile kwaye umhlaba uhlaziyekile kwaye uchumile. Singayifumana eGrisi, eSweden, eNorway, eJamani (njengehlathi eliMnyama) kunye neSpeyin. Kwilizwe lethu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ihlathi lase-Irati e-Navarra, elabelana ngendawo yokuhlala kunye ne-Abies alba (fir).
Sisityalo esingabunyamezeliyo ubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye imbalela. Ngenxa yoko, sinokubona kuphela imizekelo esempilweni kwaye emihle ngokwenene kwimimandla enamaqondo obushushu asezantsi ehlotyeni kunye neemvula rhoqo.
ihlathi le-beech
La mahlathi e-beech afumaneka ikakhulu kwimimandla enemozulu epholileyo kuMntla weIkhweyitha, njengaseYurophu, eAsia nakuMntla Merika. Yintoni eyenza amahlathi e-beech akhethekileyo bubuhle bale mithi.
I-canopy yehlathi le-beech ixinene kwaye inamagqabi, ukudala umoya womlingo kunye nobumnyama phantsi kweeglasi zabo. Entlakohlaza nasehlotyeni, amagqabi abonisa ingubo eluhlaza, enikela umthunzi nokuphola kohlaza olukhula phantsi kwawo. Ekwindla, la mahlathi aguqulwa abe yingxokozelo yemibala, njengoko amagqabi ajika abe shushu kwaye abe nemibala eqaqambileyo, ukusuka kumthubi wegolide ukuya kubomvu obunzulu.
Ukwahluka kwebhayoloji kumahlathi e-beech kukhulu. Ukongeza kwii-beeches ngokwabo, Unokufumana ezinye iintlobo zemithi, njenge-oki, i-fir okanye i-birch, ukudala indibaniselwano etyebileyo yeentyatyambo. Umgangatho wehlathi kwakhona likhaya leentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo ze-herbaceous, mosses, kunye ne-lichens, ezixhamla kumthunzi kunye nokufuma okunikezwa yi-beeches.
La mahlathi akwafumaneka neentlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana. Iintaka ezifana neGreat Spotted Woodpecker okanye iGreat Tit zibalekela kwimingxunya yemithi, ngelixa izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezifana nexhama, ihagu yasendle okanye impungutye ziphonononga ubukhulu bayo zifuna ukutya nokhuseleko. Ukongeza, amahlathi e-beech nawo zigcina iindidi ezininzi zezinambuzane kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezingenamqolo Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumjikelo wendalo we-ikhosistim.
Ukubaluleka kokulondolozwa kwamahlathi e-beech
Ukongeza kubuhle babo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji, amahlathi e-beech adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yeplanethi nakwintlalontle yabantu. Ulondolozo lwala mahlathi luyimfuneko ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela.
Okokuqala, amahlathi e<em>beech asebenza njengezinki zekharbhon, efunxa ikharbon diokside emoyeni ngexesha lenkqubo yephotosynthesis. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu ngokunciphisa ukuxinana kweegesi ze-greenhouse emoyeni. Ngokugcina la mahlathi, sinegalelo kumlo ochasene nobushushu behlabathi kunye neempembelelo zako eziyingozi.
Ukongeza, amahlathi e-beech adlala indima ebalulekileyo kulondolozo lomhlaba kunye nokukhuselwa kobutyebi bamanzi. Iingcambu zawo ezinzulu zinceda ukuzinzisa umhlaba, ukuthintela ukukhukuliseka kunye nokulahleka kwezondlo. Zikwasebenza njengezipontshi zendalo, zifunxa amanzi kwaye ziwakhulule ngokuthe ngcembe, nto leyo inceda ukugcina amanqanaba amanzi kwimilambo kunye nemilambo, kuxhamle izityalo zasemanzini nezilwanyana kunye noluntu oluxhomekeke kobu butyebi.
Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo yixabiso lenkcubeko kunye nokuzonwabisa elinikezelwa ngamahlathi e-beech. La mahlathi angumthombo wenkuthazo kubaculi, ababhali kunye neembongi, abafumana umthombo wokudala kwimeko yabo engaqondakaliyo kunye nobuhle bendalo. Ukongeza, ziindawo ezidumileyo zemisebenzi yangaphandle njengokuhamba intaba, ukukhwela intaba, nokubukela iintaka, ukunika abantu ithuba lokudibanisa nendalo kwaye ujabulele izibonelelo zayo kwimpilo yomzimba kunye nengqondo.
Okokugqibela, amahlathi e-beech alikhaya leentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, uninzi lwazo oluhlala lukhona kwaye lusengozini yokuphela. Ngokugcina la mahlathi, sikhusela iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kwaye siqinisekisa ubukho beentlobo ezikhethekileyo neziethe-ethe.
imithi ye-beech e-spain
ESpain, la mahlathi e-beech amele ubuncwane bokwenyani bendalo kwaye sele eyindawo eyaziwayo kubo bobabini abathandi bendalo kunye nabalandeli bokufota kunye nokuhamba.
Elinye lamahlathi aziwa kakhulu kunye neempawu ze-beech eSpain yi Ihlathi laseMontejo beech, ibekwe eSierra de Guadarrama, kuluntu lwaseMadrid. Eli hlathi le-beech, elibhengezwe njenge-Biosphere Reserve yi-UNESCO, libonakala ngekhulu leminyaka yemithi ye-beech, amagqabi ayo ajika abe yigolide ebusika ekwindla.
Elinye ihlathi le-beech elidumileyo li kwiNtlambo yeOrdesa, kwiPaki yeSizwe yaseOrdesa y Monte Perdido, kwiphondo laseHuesca, eAragon. Eli hlathi le<em>beech, elaziwa ngokuba yiHayedo de la Garganta de Escuaín, limi kumwonyo onomtsalane yaye lineqela lemithi ye<em>beech emangalisayo ephakamayo ecaleni kweendonga zelitye lekalika.
Kwiintaba zeCantabrian, kwiphondo laseLeón, yi La Pedrosa beech ihlathi, iparadesi yokwenene kubathandi bamahlathi e-beech. Eli hlathi le-beech libonakaliswa yimithi yalo emide, ethe tye, enobunzima bamasebe adala i-canopy enamagqabi.
Kwiphondo lase-Álava, kwiLizwe laseBasque, lifumaneka kwayel ihlathi le-beech le-Otzarreta, inxalenye yeGorbeia Natural Park. Eli hlathi le-beech laziwa ngobuhle bayo obuzolileyo kunye nokwahluka kwebhayoloji.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nehlathi le-beech kunye neempawu zalo.