Uvile igama elithi "inyani ayaziwa kunentsomi" amaxesha amawaka. Oku kwenzeka xa inani elikhulu lezikolo zeentlanzi zifudukela kumantla oLwandlekazi iPasifiki kwaye amawakawaka amatywina ashiyeka elambile kunxweme lwaseCalifornia. I-panorama ebangelwe lutshintsho kubushushu bamanzi olwandle kwenzeka ngo-2016. Le nto yabizwa ngegama lika "La Mancha", ukusuka kwisiNgesi Ibhloko.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni ibhloko kwaye yeyiphi ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngayo, le yiposti yakho.
Yintoni ibhloko
Sithetha ngokungahambi kakuhle kubushushu bamanzi olwandle kwindawo ekuMntla wePasifiki. Olu tshintsho kumaqondo obushushu luneqela lamaqela enzululwazi afunda ukuba kutheni amanzi efudumeza i-4 degrees celcius ngaphezulu kwesiqhelo kwezona ndawo zingaphezulu. Oku kungalunganga kwamaqondo obushushu kwandisiwe ukusuka eMexico ukuya eAlaska kwaye yayihlala isiqwenga seekhilomitha ezili-1600 ububanzi.
Izazinzulu ezifunde le anomaly yayiliqela labaphandi elalikhokelwa ziingcali ezivela kwiDyunivesithi yaseWashington. Amanqaku aliqela apapashwa kwijenali yesayensi Iincwadi zoPhando lwezeMvelo Ukuchaza izizathu ezinokubangela iLa Mancha. Sele beqalisile ukuqaphela ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu ngexesha lekwindla ka-2013 nasekuqaleni kuka-2014. Lo mzimba wamanzi awupholanga njengoko uqhele ukwenzeka, ke ngexesha lentwasahlobo kwakuloo nyaka wawusele ushushu kunokuba wawukhe wabonwa ngaphambili ngelo xesha lonyaka.
Ixesha Ibhloko laqanjwa ngenxa yokuba lalinemilo ejikelezileyo yebhloko ephawula iindawo apho amaqondo obushushu anyuka ngokungaqhelekanga. Le nyaniso yenza ukuba abantu abaninzi bacinge ukuba yayiluhlobo lwesilumkiso sokuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi kubangela ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kumaqondo obushushu bamanzi ePacific kwaye kungachaphazela imozulu kwiindawo ezininzi zoMntla Melika.
Impembelelo yebhloko kubume bendalo yaselwandle
Njengoko sisazi, i-ecosystems yendalo, nokuba lolwandle okanye umhlaba, zinokulingana kwendalo. Olu bhalansi luthe rhoqo okanye lungaphantsi ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye luhlobo lokuvumelana phakathi kwawo onke amaxabiso ezinto eziguquguqukayo ezinefuthe kwindalo. Izinto ezinje nge ubushushu, ulawulo lomoya, inqanaba lemvula, ubukho bezityalo nezilwanyana, ipH yomhlaba, izondlo, njl.
Kule meko, sithetha ngempembelelo kwindalo iphela emva kotshintsho ngequbuliso kwelinye lamaxabiso ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezichaphazela imeko ye-ikhosistim: iqondo lobushushu. Sinokubala ukuba kwindalo yaselwandle, ubushushu yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ukuze kuveliswe umda apho kuhlala khona izilwanyana kunye nezityalo.
Ukuba amaxabiso obushushu aphakathi apho izinto eziphilayo kwezi ndawo zihlala ziqhelekile zilungiswa ngu Uluhlu lwee-4 degrees centigrade ukusuka kwesiqhelo, into yokuqala onayo ineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ezimbi. Amanzi ashushu abanefuthe elikhulu kwindalo, avelisa ingxaki enkulu kwityathanga lokutya apho iintlobo ezininzi zixhomekeke khona. Ukuba ezona ntlobo zezona zisemngciphekweni sisiqalo sesixokelelwano sokutya, i-ikhosistim iya kuchaphazeleka ngamandla yile nguqu kwixabiso lamaqondo obushushu.
Izifundo
Izifundo ezapapashwa zinxulumene nendawo eshushu yamanzi notshintsho kwizimo zemozulu zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ebusika obuzolileyo bonyaka ka-2013-2014. Ezi zinto zemozulu zineenguqu ngenxa ye-Pacific Oscillation kunye ne-El Niño. Iingcali zizamile ukunikezela ngemibono eyahlukeneyo kwiinkqubo ezenzeka ngelo xesha kodwa azabinakho ukwenza izigqibo malunga nobungakanani okanye ubudlelwane obabunabo nezinye iinkqubo ezichaphazelekayo kutshintsho lwemozulu.
Bekucingelwa ukuba ezi nguqu kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo zibangelwe ziziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu, kuba yonke le nto yenzekayo ukuze utshintsho olwahlukeneyo, olufana nolo lubonakala kumaqondo obushushu anyukayo, luza kuba yinto eqhelekileyo ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
Ibhloko iyavela kwakhona
Xa bekucingelwa ukuba ayizukuphinda yenzeke loo nto, nge-21 kaSeptemba 2019, amanye amaza obushushu aselwandle afunyenwe aveliswe kukunyuka kobushushu bamanzi ngokungaqhelekanga kunye nobude obude kwindawo ethile. Ukuze oku kunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kube nefuthe, kufuneka kuhlale ithuba leentsuku ezintlanu ubuncinci.
Xa ungathandabuzeki malunga nokuba ezi zinto zenzeka rhoqo ngenxa yotshintsho lwemozulu, kuqhutywa isifundo kwaye inqaku lapapashwa kwiphephancwadi. Uhlobo lweTshintsho lwemozulu que ithi ezi zinto zingama-17% ubude phakathi kowe-1987 nowama-2016. Olu phononongo lutsha ludibanise ukubonakala kwamaza obushushu elwandle kunye neziphumo ezonakalisayo kwindalo. Njengokuba iilwandle zishushu ngakumbi nangakumbi ngenxa yokwanda kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi, la maza obushushu aselwandle ahlala ekhula rhoqo kwaye ehlala ixesha elide.
Iziphumo
Ukuba oku kuyaqhubeka, iziphumo kwindalo ziya kuba nkulu kwaye zikhulu. Isiganeko seBlob esandula ukwenzeka sibethelela ubomi baselwandle kumanzi asempuma ePasifiki, ngakumbi iintlanti esizaziyo zisengozini kakhulu kutshintsho lobushushu. Ukongeza, ibangele iintlekele zoqoqosho kwicandelo lokuloba nanjengoko ukubanjiswa kwehlisiwe.
Umzekelo, izilwanyana ezichaphazeleka kakhulu kukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu zezo zingakwaziyo ukuya kumanzi abandayo kwaye ubomi babo busemngciphekweni omkhulu. Ngoku izazinzulu zilinde ukutshabalalisa ubushushu obutsha baselwandle ukuba buphuhle, ukurekhoda elinye iqhekeza kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Zibala elikhulu elirekhodiweyo unamaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-3 degrees ngaphezulu kwamaxabiso aphakathi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba oku kungalunganga kuyeke ukuba nefuthe kubomi baselwandle. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngebhloko.