I-Horsehead Nebula

Kwisibhakabhakeni kukho izigidi zezinto eziyila ummandla wendalo, yaye izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zijongene nokujonga into nganye ukusuka kwizibanzi ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze zigqibe igama layo, ukwakheka kwayo, ukumila kwayo, impembelelo nonobangela. Enye yale miba yi i-horsehead nebula. Yinebula emile ngendlela ekhethekileyo.

Ke ngoko, siza kunikela eli nqaku ukuze sikuxelele yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga ne-Horsehead Nebula, iimpawu zayo, imvelaphi kunye nokunye okuninzi.

Nentsingiselo

INebula Yentloko Yamahashe ekuqaleni yachazwa njengeBarnard 33, ekwikroza leOrion, malunga ne-1.600 light-years ukusuka eMhlabeni, ilifu elimnyama kakhulu, elibandayo legesi, ubude beminyaka eyi-3,5 yokukhanya, laqala ukuvela ngowe-1919 uncwadi lwaseMerika kunye noncwadi lwesazi ngeenkwenkwezi uEdward Emerson.

Le nebula yinxalenye Orion Molecular Cloud Complex, kwaye nangona mnyama ngombala, ibonakala ngokwahlukileyo evezwayo ngenxa indawo yayo phambi kwenye nebula ogama radiation kunye neziphumo zokukhutshwa zithe saa ngetint ebomvu.

Ukumila kwentloko yehashe kufana nokuvela kwamafu kwiatmosfera yoMhlaba, kwaye inokutshintsha inkangeleko yayo kangangamawaka eminyaka yokukhanya.

Ukufunyanwa kwe-Horsehead Nebula

Oku kufunyaniswayo kwenziwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-1888, kanye ngo-XNUMX. xa isazi ngeenkwenkwezi saseSkotlani uWilliamina Stevens weHardvar College Observatory isebenzise ipleyiti yokufota equlathe ipleyiti yeglasi egqunywe ngocwecwe olucekethekileyo lwefotosensitive, yakhawuleza yazifumana ikwimarike yefilimu. Ngobuthathaka obuncinci kunye nezinye iingenelo. Ngelo xesha, ubuchwephesha obufunekayo kwiiteleskopu babungekabikho.

Ngokutsho kwe-biography yakhe, umbhali wokufumanisa ekuqaleni wasebenza njengomncedisi kwi-Hardwar Observatory, ukwenza izibalo zemathematika, umsebenzi weofisi, njl., ukwenza imisebenzi yomlawuli oncedisayo weziko.

Nangaphandle kwesidanga kwi-astronomy, wayengumbhali wezinto ezininzi eziye zafunyaniswa zasezulwini ezikhokelele ekudalweni koluhlu lweenkwenkwezi. Wayenoxanduva lokulungisa inkqubo yokwabela iileta kwiinkwenkwezi ngokusekelwe kumxholo we-hydrogen kwi-spectra yazo. Emva koko, xa wayeneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, wazibhokoxa ekuhlolisiseni iinkwenkwezi.

Ngelo xesha, uStevens wafumanisa i-nebulae yegesi engama-59, kunye neenkwenkwezi eziguqukayo kunye ne-nova, ukuya kwi-Horsehead Nebula, emfumana iwonga lokuba ngumlondolozi we-Hardvar Archive ye-Astrophotography. Umsebenzi wakhe ugqamile, kuba wayengomnye wabasetyhini bokuqala ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuluntu lweenkwenkwezi, apho wafumana iMbasa yaseGuadalupe Almendaro evela kwiMexican Astronomical Society.

ibhanti leOrion

Kulo hlobo lwenqaku kuyimfuneko ukuchaza amagama athile asetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-astronomy, efanelwe icandelo elahlukileyo ukuze kuqondwe ngcono ngumfundi. Ngesi sihlandlo singena kwisihloko seBhanti yeOrion, ayiyonto ngaphandle kweqela leenkwenkwezi ezibonakala zicwangciswe kwipateni yejometri ukusuka eMhlabeni.

IiOrion ziinkwenkwezi ezintathu eziqaqambileyo ezaziwa kwinkcubeko edumileyo njengooMary abaThathu okanye abaZilumko abaThathu, kodwa amagama abo enzululwazi nguAlnitak, Alnilam kunye neMintaka, kwaye abonwa ukusuka ngoNovemba ukuya ekupheleni kukaMeyi.

Iimpawu zeHorsehead Nebula

I-Horsehead Nebula eyaziwayo imele ifu elimnyama, elingakhanyisiyo lothuli kunye negesi, ulwandlalo lwalo lusithwe kukukhanya okuvela kwi-IC 434 emva kwayo. I-IC 434, nayo, itsala onke amandla ayo kwinkwenkwezi eqaqambileyo uSigma Orionis. Uphuma kunina onenkungu, I-Horsehead Nebula sisakhiwo esiguqukayo ngokwenene kunye nelebhu enomdla yefiziksi entsonkothileyo.

Njengoko isanda kwingingqi ye-interstellar medium ejikeleze i-nebula, ifika phantsi koxinzelelo olukhokelela ekubunjweni kweenkwenkwezi eziphantsi. Kwibunzi lehashe, inkwenkwezi yomntwana egutyungelwe bubuhle obuqaqambileyo. Izinto ezincinci ezibomvu ezikhanya ngothuli zimela izinto zeHerbig-Haro, ezikhazimulayo kwizinto ezikhutshwe yiprotostars engabonakaliyo. Indawo ejikelezileyo ikwaqulathe izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, nganye ineyayo eyahlukileyo. I-nebula ephumayo eqaqambileyo kwicala elisezantsi lasekunene yi-NGC 2024 (i-Flame Nebula).

Uphando lwe-infrared lubonakalise inani elikhulu leenkwenkwezi ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ezifihlwe emva kothuli kunye negesi ye-NGC 2024. I-nebula ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebonisa i-nebula ukuya ngasekunene kwe-Horsehead Nebula yi-NGC 2023. Uthuli lwe-Interstellar lubonisa ubukho bayo ngokuthintela ukukhanya kweenkwenkwezi okanye i-nebula emva kwazo. Uthuli lubandakanya ikakhulu ikhabhoni, isilicon, ioksijini kunye nezinye izinto ezinzima. Kwafunyaniswa neekhompawundi eziphilayo.

Enye ye-nebulae eqaqambileyo esibhakabhakeni, i-NGC 2023 ilele ngasempuma ye-Horsehead Nebula kwaye yenza iqamza elicolekileyo kumda welifu le-L1630 lemolekyuli. Inkwenkwezi yohlobo lwe-B HD37903, enobushushu obuphezulu be-degrees ezingama-22.000, inoxanduva lokuvuselela uninzi lwerhasi kunye nothuli ngaphakathi kwe-NGC 2023, ephambi kwelifu lemolekyuli. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-NGC 2023 kubukho be-bubble ye-hydrogen engathathi hlangothi (H2). ngeenxa HD37903 kunye radius malunga 0,65 ukukhanya-iminyaka.

Iintlobo ze-nebulae kwibhanti ye-Orion

Kukho iinebula ezine kwibhanti yeOrion; eyokuqala yiHorsehead, ilandelwa yiFlame Nebula, IC-434⁵ kunye neMessier 78⁷.

ilangatye nebula

Ekuqaleni eyaziwa ngokuba NGC2024 akhronimi, yinebula ogama iiathom hydrogen ngokuqhubekayo photoionized yinkwenkwezi Alnitkm, ukuvelisa ukukhanya bubomvu ngokukhawuleza elektroni ukubophelela athom, njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi.

Ngokutsho kweqela lezazinzulu ezifunda ngoku i-nebula, kukho izinto ezikufutshane nayo ezinokuthi zithathwe njengeeplanethi zegesi, nangona kunjalo, Ukuqwalaselwa koku kuyaqhubeka ngokusetyenziswa kweHubble Telescope kunye nezinye izixhobo zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo.

I-IC-434

Ifumana imitha ye-ionizing evela kwenkwenkwezi ebizwa ngokuba yi-48 Orionis, eyenza ibonakale inde kwaye, ngenxa yeempawu zayo, ivumela ukuba sithelekise imigqaliselo ye-Horsehead Nebula. I-Belt Nebula e-Orion lilungu elibalulekileyo neliqaqambileyo le-Orion Association enkulu.

Izazinzulu zichaze ukuba ubushushu balo mmandla bunokulinganiswa kusetyenziswa inani leendlela ezinezikali zeradiometric ezinegalelo kumaxabiso ayibambayo namhlanje kwiinkcukacha zerekhodi zeOrion Belt Nebula.

Messier 78

Ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-MGC 2068, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-reflection nebula ngenxa yetinti eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhazimlayo ekukhanyeni kwayo, kwaye. Yafunyanwa nguPier Merchain ngo-1780.

Eyona nebula iqaqambileyo ibonakala lula ngayo nayiphi na iteleskopu yokukhanya, likhaya leenkwenkwezi ezimbini ezinoxanduva lokubumba ilifu lothuli phezu kweMessier 78, lilenze libonakale. Iinkwenkwezi ezimbini zibizwa ngokuba yi-HD 38563A kunye ne-HD 38563B, ngokulandelanayo. Ngokutsho kwezazinzulu ezifunda ezi nebulae, kukho inani elikhulu leeplanethi ezingahlaliyo kunye nezixhobo ezithile ezisasazwa malunga nale nto, ebekwe kwicala elisekhohlo lebhanti le-Orion emzantsi.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-Horsehead Nebula kunye neempawu zayo.