Siyazi ukuba umntu uye wadlula kwiindidi ezininzi kunye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kude kube ngumntu wangoku. Iintlobo zethu zangoku, i Homo sapiens, ivela kwezinye iintlobo. Enye yazo yi Homo erectus. Homo erectus yindoda yakudala ehlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba ngexesha lePleistocene. Isampulu endala yafunyanwa eDemanisi, eGeorgia, kunye nemihla emalunga neminyaka eli-1,8 yezigidi. Ukufunyanwa kokuqala kolu hlobo lwenzeka ngo-1891 kwisiqithi saseAsia iJava, ngoku esiyinxalenye ye-Indonesia.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga ne Homo erectus, iimpawu zayo kunye nembali yayo.
Imvelaphi ye Homo erectus
Le ndoda yakudala ibikho emhlabeni ixesha elide. Izimvo zixubene ngomhla wokuphela kwazo. Ezinye i-anthropologists zikholelwa ukuba yenzekile malunga neminyaka engama-300.000 eyadlulayo, ngelixa abanye besithi yenzeka kwiminyaka engama-70.000 eyadlulayo. Oku kukhokelele kwezinye iingcali ukuba zikholelwe ukuba uhlala nazo homo sapiens, kodwa esi asiyondawo ixhaphakileyo namhlanje.
Imvelaphi ye Homo erectus ikwanempikiswano. Ngale ndlela, umntu othile wayibeka e-Afrika, nangona uninzi lwee-anthropologists lungavumelani kwaye lubiza isampulu efumaneka apho homo ergaster. Abaxhasi beli ziko bathi Homo erectus Inzalelwane eAsia.
Olunye lweempawu ezibalaseleyo zale ndoda yakudala sisakhono sayo se-cranial, esingcono kunezo zangaphambili. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zolu tshintsho kukufunyanwa kwendlela yokujongana nemililo, ekhokelele ekuphuculweni kwesondlo.
Homo erectus yenye yookhokho be Homo sapiens. Inqanaba lokuvela kwabantu apho i Homo erectus Elinye lawona manqanaba angaziwayo, ngenxa yoko ithiyori ezahlukeneyo ziyahlangana. Ke ngoko, enye yazo ibuyela e-Afrika i-1,8 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye iingcali ziqinisekisile ukuba iintsalela ezifunyenwe kwilizwekazi zezinye iindidi ezifanayo, i-Ergaster. Wonke umntu uyavumelana nenyani yokuba ngenkangelekol IHomo erectus, abantu bakudala baba ngoonothwal 'impahlana bemka eAfrika.
Ukufunyanwa kokuqala kwe Homo erectus kwenzeka eMpuma Asia, kodwa iintsalela zafunyanwa e-Eurasia. Kwiindawo ezikude apho kufumaneka khona izandyondyo, impumelelo yolu hlobo inokuqinisekiswa ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kuvelisa bambalwa kakhulu umahluko ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwenkcubeko phakathi kwabo, kuba kufuneka bazivumelanise neemeko ezahlukeneyo zommandla ngamnye. Umzekelo, imozulu eYurophu yayibanda ngelo xesha kwaye ukuba kwakungekho ukufunyanwa komlilo, oku kunokuba yingxaki enkulu.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Zonke iingcali ziyavumelana ngobume bendawo yokuhambahamba Homo erectus. Ubungqina obufunyenweyo bubonisa ukuba yayiyeyona mntu wokuqala ukushiya iAfrika. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, ifikelele kuMazantsi mpuma eAsia.
Eyona hypothesis idumileyo yeyokuba ungayisebenzisa ibhulorho yomkhenkce eyakhiwe ngexesha lomkhenkce kolu hambo. Ukwanda kwayo kubangele isabonakala kwiindawo ze-Indonesia, iChina, iYurophu okanye i-Asia eseMbindini.
Njengazo zonke iintsalela zamathambo, akukho lula ukumisela iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye nezebhayoloji. Izazinzulu zithathela ingqalelo iiparameter ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi ubude okanye imilo yokakayi. Umzekelo, amazinyo abonelela ngolwazi olubaluleke kakhulu malunga nokutya kunye neminye imikhwa ebalulekileyo.
Kule meko, kufuneka songeze ubukho bezinto ezininzi ezincinci, ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo. Kukho, nangona kunjalo, ezinye zeempawu Homo erectus oko kubonakala kwamkelwe ngokubanzi.
Iimpawu ze Homo erectus
Kuncinci okwaziwayo malunga nolusu lwe Homo erectus. Njengoko sonke sisazi, inamadlala abilayo, kodwa ayibhityanga okanye ityebe. Ngokwamathambo, ukwakheka kwesinqe se Homo erectus iyafana naleyo yabantu namhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, inkulu kwaye yomelele. Into efanayo yenzekile kwi-femur, kwaye njengoko uninzi luvela, kwakulula ukufundisisa. Ukongeza kubungakanani bayo obuphakamileyo, amanqaku athile okufakwa kwemisipha abonisa ukuba umzimba womelele kwaye womelele.
El Homo erectus, njengoko igama libonisa, uhamba ngeenyawo ezimbini, ezifanayo Homo sapiens. Kuqala kwakucingelwa ukuba ubude obuphakathi kwamadoda buncinci kakhulu, malunga ne-1,67 yeemitha. Nangona kunjalo, intsalela entsha itshintshe le ndlela yokucinga. Ngoku kuqikelelwa ukuba umntu omdala angafikelela kubude obuziimitha eziyi-1,8, nto leyo inde kune-hominin yangaphambili.
Isilevu se Homo erectus Ukomelele kakhulu, nangona engenasilevu. Into yokuba amazinyo amancinci itsale umdla omkhulu. Iipaleontologists zifumanise ukuba njengoko umzimba usanda, ubungakanani be-dentition buyancipha.
Ngokufanayo, izihlunu zomhlathi zibonakala ngathi zincinci kwaye umqala wancipha. Kungenzeka ukuba ubukho bomlilo kunye nenyama ephekwe ngokuhlafuna ngokulula kuvelise oku. Ukhakhayi lwe Homo erectus ineempawu ezintathu ezahlukileyo. Iyokuqala ithambo elichanekileyo le-supraorbital, nangona ayinayo loo milo efumaneka eGrisi naseFransi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, banomqolo we-sagittal ekhakhayi, oqhelekileyo kubantu base-Asiya. Ezi ikwangabo banobunzima obukhulu be-occipital.
Ulwimi
Omnye wemibuzo esalindelwe kwi Homo erectus kukwenza nokuba asebenzise ulwimi oluthethwayo ngexesha lobukho bakhe. Enye ithiyori malunga neentlobo zibonisa ukuba ngabantu bokuqala ukuyisebenzisa kuluntu abaludalileyo.
Kunzima ukwazi ukuba le mbono ichanekile na ngokufunda iifosili. Ukuba i-biology ibonakala iyayixhasa le nyaniso, kuba banengqondo kunye nolwakhiwo lomlomo ukwenza oku.
Uphononongo lwakutsha nje olwenziwe nguDaniel Everett, umphathi weKholeji yezobuGcisa nezeNzululwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseBentley eMassachusetts, wayiqinisekisa le ntelekelelo. Ngokusekwe kwiziphumo zabo, igama lokuqala elathethwa ngabantu bakudala lithethwe ngamalungu el IHomo erectus.
Ukutya yenye yezona zinto zinomdla kuphando lwe Homo erectus. Ngokukodwa, emva kokufumanisa indlela yokujongana notshintsho olwenzekileyo emva komlilo. Ekuqaleni yayisisilwanyana esine-omnivorous, ukufumana inyama yayisebenzisa iintsalela zezidumbu zezilwanyana. Yintoni egqithisile, Uqokelela imifuno nengca, efuna ukutya okugqibeleleyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga Homo erectus kunye neempawu zabo.