Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesazi sezibalo esingumGrike nesithandi sobulumko esingomnye wabafazi bokuqala abaziwa ehlabathini. Imalunga ne IHypatia. Wayeyintombi yesazi sezibalo uNjingalwazi weMyuziyam yaseAlexandria eyaziwa ngokuba yiTheon. Imyuziyam yaseAlexandria inokusekwa nguPtolemy I, uKumkani wase-Egypt. Ngeli xesha, abantu abaninzi babenomdla wokufunda malunga nesayensi kunye nefilosofi. Ngesi sizathu, kwavela umbutho wenguqu kule micimbi.
Kule nqaku siza kuthetha nge-biografi kaHypatia, omnye wabafazi bokuqala bezibalo emhlabeni.
IHypatia biography
Esi sithandi sobulumko kunye nesazi semathematika baphila kwaye basebenza notata wakhe ekulungiseleleni imibhalo eyahlukeneyo yabafundi. Wayenomdla kakhulu kwizixhobo ezazisetyenziswa kuphando ngeenkwenkwezi. Wayengayithandi kuphela imathematika kunye nefilosofi, kodwa wayenomtsalane othile kufundo lweentshukumo zamazulu. Lo mdla wawukude kangangokuba bazoba iitafile apho kunokuchazwa khona yonke intshukumo eyaziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kumzimba wezulu.
Nangona wayeyithanda inzululwazi yeenkwenkwezi, ubukhulu becala wayezinikele ekufundiseni imathematics. Wayenabafundi abaliqela kwaye iimfundiso zakhe zazikhuthaza ukuqonda. Njengoko sisazi, ukusetyenziswa kwengqiqo yinto efunekayo kwisayensi. Into yokuba lo mfazi wayenamandla amakhulu okufundisa abafundi bakhe ngemathematics yabangela umona nentiyo kuye ukuba ivele.
Omnye wabachasi abaphambili beHypatia yayinguBhishophu oNgcwele uCyril waseAlexandria. Ayisiyiyo kuphela into yokuba wayechasa ukuxhaphaza kukaHypatia, kodwa ke nabo bonke abalandeli abangamaKristu. Watyholwa ngulo Bhishophu ngempembelelo awayenayo engqondweni yerhuluneli yeso sixeko. Kwinto ebonakalayo le rhuluneli yayikhuthazelwe ukutshutshisa amaKristu. UHypatia waseAlexandria wabulawa kugwayimbo olwaludumile. Kuyabonakala ukuba iqela labagxeki lahlasela inqwelo awayehamba kuyo, lamthuthumbisa kwaye lamtshisa.
Ngelishwa, yonke imisebenzi yakhe yatshabalala kunye nelayibrari yonke yaseAlexandria. Izifundo zamva nje zenziwe ezibeke ukuthandabuza kwinkolo. Oko kukuthi, ezi zifundo ziyaphikisa ukuba uHypatia wayengachasani nobuKristu. Wayenabafundi endabafundayo kwimathematics naye kwaye babengabazo zonke iintlobo zeenkolo. Ezi zifundo zizama ukubonisa ukuba ukufa kufihliwe ekuqokeleleni uxinzelelo lwezopolitiko olwalukho ngelo xesha eAlexandria ngenxa yokwehla kobukhosi baseRoma.
Usapho lweHypatia
UHypatia wazalelwa eAlexandria, ikomkhulu le-diocese yaseRoma yase-Egypt. Ulwazi oluninzi luyaziwa malunga notata kodwa akukho nto inokuba ngumama. Uyise wayengumfilosofi kunye nesazi semathematika kwaye wayezinikezele ekufundiseni kwiMyuziyam yaseAlexandria. Ngaphezulu kwe-100 lootitshala ababehlala apho abathathe inxaxheba kule myuziyam kunye nabanye abaninzi ababeze njengeendwendwe ukuza kunika iintetho.
Njengoko iqondwa zizifundo kunye neerekhodi ezenziweyo ukusukela ngeli xesha, u-Theon wayefuna ukuba intombi yakhe ibe ngumntu ogqibeleleyo. Ke ngoko, wenza konke okusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuba intombi yakhe ifumana imfundo epheleleyo yesayensi. UHypatia, ebomini bakhe bonke, waya eAthene nase-Italiya ukufumana izifundo ezithile kwifilosofi. Wahlala bonke ubuntwana bakhe ejikelezwe yimfundo kunye nenkcubeko. Ukongeza kwimathematics kunye nefilosofi, inzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi nayo yahlwayela uthando kwiHypatia. Kungenxa yokuba wayenomdla wokufuna okungaziwayo.
IHypatia ngokwasemzimbeni Wayenobuhle obukhulu kwaye ekhathalele nomzimba wakhe. Akazange achithe kuphela iiyure kunye neeyure zosuku efunda kwaye efunda, kodwa wagcina indlela yemihla ngemihla eyamgcina yamvumela ukuba abe nomzimba ophilileyo kunye nengqondo esebenzayo. Wayenempawu ezibonakalayo zomzimba kunye nobukrelekrele. Nangona kunjalo, wala ukutshata ukuze azinikele ngokupheleleyo kwisayensi. Ukuba wayetshatile, ngewayengazange azinikele konke kwisayensi.
Iimali
Iminyaka engama-20 ezinikele ekufundiseni lonke olu lwazi kwiMyuziyam yaseAlexandria. Wayengumfazi onesimilo esisodwa esizinikele ekucingeni nasekufundiseni. Enkosi kuye bakwazi ukungena kwisikolo sonke seengcungcu ezazikwizikhundla eziphezulu. Wabhala iincwadi ngeenkwenkwezi, ijiyometri, ialgebra, kwaye waphucula uyilo lwe ifumanise yakudala.
Ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi ngeenkwenkwezi, wakwazi ukwenza imephu ngezinto ezisesibhakabhakeni, esiza kwenza isicwangciso esipheleleyo sendawo. Akukho namnye umsebenzi kaHypatia ogciniweyo, kodwa bayaziwa ngenxa yabona bafundi babalulekileyo anabo, abanjengoSinesio waseCyrene noHesychius waseAlexandria. Ngexesha lokufundisa kwakhe ngefilosofi wagxila kwimisebenzi kaPlato noAristotle. Indlu kaHypatia ngokuthe ngcembe yaba yindawo apho abantu beza kufunda ngefilosofi.
I-Orestes ifumene iingcebiso ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezivela kwiHypatia kwezopolitiko. Waba ngumfazi othandwayo ngokuba ngumcebisi koomantyi abaphezulu baseAlexandria. Kwaye ke oomantyi beza kunxibelelana namatyala emicimbi yesixeko.
Ukuthembeka kwakhe kubuhedeni ngexesha apho ubuKristu babusonyuka yayisisiqalo sezizathu zokuba afe ezandleni zamaKristu aphakamileyo. Ukubulawa kwakhe kwenzeka kwimvukelo yobuKristu kubuhedeni xa wayeneminyaka engama-45 kuphela ubudala.. Ukusweleka kwakhe kwabangela isiphithiphithi esikhulu kuba ukubulala umfazi owayebalasele ekusebenziseni kwakhe inzululwazi kunye nefilosofi yayilicala elihlazo kumaKristu.
Njengoko ubona, iinkolo zibangele ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi kwizifundo kwimbali. Ngelishwa imisebenzi kunye nezenzo zikaHypatia khange zikhuselwe. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi ngomnye wabasetyhini ababaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi lezesayensi kunye nemathematics.