Umntu, njengezinye iintlobo, ukwanazo nezinye iintlobo zezinyanya. Enye yazo yi homo habilis. Kuqwalaselwa njengoyisemdala kwindalo yethu kwaye kwafunyanwa kubulelwa iifosili zokuqala. Imbonakalo yeHomos habilis yenzeka malunga ne-2.4 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Yahlala emhlabeni phantse iminyaka engamawaka angama-800 kwaye yahlangana kunye nezinye izinyanya ezifana noHomo erectus kunye noHomo rudolfensis.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu, imvelaphi, indima yendaleko kunye nezinto ezibonisa umdla zeHomo habilis.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Iintsalela zokuqala eziye zafunyanwa kolu hlobo lookhokho babantu zenzeka e-Afrika. Enkosi kwisakhono esenziwe yile specimen ekusebenziseni izinto kungoko yazuza eli gama. Wabonisa ubukrelekrele obuphezulu kunezinye izinyanya ezaziwa ngokuba yiAustralopithecus. Uninzi lokuphuhla koluhlobo lubangelwa yinto yokuba yaqala ukubandakanya inyama ekutyeni kwayo. Uninzi lweemicronutrients kwinyama zincedile ukuvelisa amandla okuqonda. Amadoda ayemakhulu kakhulu kunamabhinqa kwaye ayebipipal.
Nangona yayine-bipedal, isagcina i-morphology ethile eyahlukileyo kumntu wangoku. Iingalo zakhe zazinde kwaye zasebenza njengenkxaso yokuhamba okungxamisekileyo. Babenemilo efana neenkawu ezinkulu zanamhlanje. Kwelinye icala, babeseneminwe eyayibanceda bakhwele emithini ngokulula. Ngaphandle kwento ocinga ngayo, vBabehlala bengamaqela kwaye benesakhiwo esifanelekileyo.
Imvelaphi kaHomo habilis
Igama likaHomo habilis livela kwinto yokuba kwafunyanwa iintsalela zezinto ezenziwe ngelitye ezenziwe ngabantu bolunye uhlobo. Yavela malunga ne-2.6 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye yaphila de kwaphantse kwaba sisigidi seminyaka esi-1.6 edlulileyo. Olu hlobo luphila ukusukela ngePleistocene kwiminyaka yaseGelasian naseCalabrian. Eli xesha laphambi kokubhalwa kwembali apho kwaphuhliswa ukuba eli candelo lomntu lalibonakaliswa ikakhulu kukuhla kwemvula. Injalo ke imbalela kangangokuba bekukho iingxaki ezaneleyo kuphuhliso lwezityalo nezilwanyana.
Ngokungafaniyo nento eyenzekileyo ngoHomo erectus, olu hlobo aluzange lushiye ilizwekazi. Zonke iintsalela eziye zafunyanwa zenzekile e-Afrika. Oku kwenza ukuba wonke ummandla waseTanzania uthathelwe ingqalelo njengomntu wobuntu. Ngo-1964 uthotho lwezinto ezinokwenzeka zaqala ukufunyanwa kwaye iintsalela zamathambo kunye nezinye izinto zahlaziywa. Kulapho baqonde khona ukufunyanwa. Olu hlobo lwaludweliswa njengeHomo habilis kwaye lwaluthathwa njengendidi entsha ngaphakathi kuhlobo lomntu.
Ekusasazeni kwawo ngokwendawo sifumana ilizwekazi laseAfrika, nangona kukho imisinga yenzululwazi ephakamisa ezinye iingcinga. Kwaye i-hominid inemvelaphi yayo kwiindawo zase-Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania nase Mpuma Afrika. Nangona kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifunyenweyo kwipaleontology, abukho ubungqina bokuba ezi ntlobo ziye zafudukela kwamanye amazwekazi.
Indima yeHomo habilis kwindaleko
Olu hlobo lomntu lunokubaluleka okukhulu kunye nokuzivelela kwezinto. Kude kube lelo xesha bekucingelwa ukuba umgca wokuzivelela kwezinto okhokelela emntwini ubulula kakhulu. Kwakucingelwa ukuba ivela e-Australopithecus, nge-Homo erectus, kunye ne-Neanderthals kamva. Ngelo xesha uHomo sapiens wayesele ekhangeleka ngathi. Yintoni eyayingaziwa kude kube lelo xesha ukuba bekukho olunye uhlobo oluphakathi phakathi kwaba bantu. Iifosili ezimanyeneyo ezifunyenwe kwiHomo erectus zafunyanwa kwilizwekazi laseAsia kwaye akukho nto yayinxulumene neAfrika.
Enkosi ngokufumanisa okwenziwe eTanzania, izithuba ezininzi ezazikhona kulwazi lokuzivelela komntu zinokugcwaliswa. Abaphandi bagqiba kwelokuba iintsalela ezifunyenweyo zikhangeleka ngathi ziintlobo ezintsha zohlobo lweHomo. Kwaye kukuba ezi ntsalela zihlangabeze zonke iimfuno eziyimfuneko kubo ukuba babe kolu hlobo. Phakathi kwezi mfuno sifumana ukuma nkqo, i-bipedal kunye nezakhono ukuze sikwazi ukuphatha izixhobo ezithile. Zonke ezi zakhono zikhokelele kwisigqibo sokuba yeyoluhlobo olutsha lweHomo. Eyona nto yayiyeyona ibalaseleyo kwezinye iintlobo zamva kwexesha yayikukuphakama kwayo, eyayincinci ngelo xesha.
Umahluko owawukho ngeAustralopithecus wawumbalwa. Oku kwenza ukuba u-Homo habilis abe sisidalwa esidala sendoda yanamhlanje. Kude kube kutshanje, iHomo habilis kunye ne-erectus bekucingelwa ukuba zivela kwenye. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iziphumo zale mihla ezenziwe ngo-2007 zikwazile ukubeka amathandabuzo malunga noku. Ezi ngcali zibonisa ukuba uHomo habilis wakwazi ukuphila ixesha elide kunokuba bekucingwa ngaphambili. Kwaye ukuba senza izibalo, le nyani inokwenza Ngexesha leminyaka emalunga nama-500.000 yembali zombini ezi ndidi zazinokuhlala kunye.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, oku kukufumanisa okukhulu zizazinzulu. Umathandabuzo wenziwe malunga nokunxibelelana okukhoyo phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini apho ukungathandabuzeki ukuba i-erectus ikhuselwe kwi-habilis isagcinwa namhlanje. Ukuhlalisana kwabo akuphikiswa, nangona kuhlala kuchazwa ukuba bekukho uhlobo lomzabalazo ngaphandle kwegazi ngezixhobo. Iziphumo zomzabalazo wezixhobo yayinguHomo erectus njengophumeleleyo. Ngesi sizathu, iHomo habilis yanyamalala.
Umzimba
Siyazi ukuba phakathi kweempawu zothelekiso phakathi kweHomo habilis kunye neAustralopithecus, sibona ukwehla kwabathengi bayo abaninzi. Iinyawo ziyafana nezangoku kwaye zinomlinganiso phantse opheleleyo endihleli kuwo. Ngokubhekisele kukhakhayi, imilo yayijikelezwe ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Ubuso bayo babuphawulwe ngumbono omncinci kune-Australopithecus.
Ukuba simthelekisa nomntu wangoku, siyabona ukuba wayengekho mkhulu ngobukhulu. Amadoda anokulinganisa i-1.4 yeemitha kunye nobunzima obujikeleze iisentimitha ezingama-52. Kwelinye icala, abafazi babancinci kakhulu. Bafikelele kuphela kwimitha enye ukuphakama kunye nobunzima beekhilo ezingama-34 ngokomndilili. Oku kubonise i-dimorphism yesini ephawulwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngeHomo habilis kunye nendima yayo kwindaleko.