Eyona ndawo ibandayo kwi-Universe

Abantu bebesoloko bekuthanda ukuhlalutya izinto ezibaxayo. Kule meko siza kuthetha malunga nokuba yintoni na eyona ndawo ibandayo kwindalo yonke. Asithethi ngesona sixeko sibandayo kwisijikelezi-langa esinguMhlaba, singathethi nangesijikelezi-langa sethu. Sibhekisela kweyona ndawo ibandayo kwindalo iphela eyaziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yeyiphi indawo ebanda kakhulu kwindalo yonke, iimpawu zayo kunye nokunye okuninzi.

Eyona ndawo ibandayo kwi-Universe

Iminyaka engama-5000 yokukhanya ukusuka kwisixokelelwano selanga yeyona ndawo ibanda kakhulu kwindalo iphela. YiBoomerang Nebula enobushushu obungu -272ºC. Ngaphezulu kancinane nje ku-zero, kwaye ibanda ngakumbi kunemitha yemitha ye-microwave. Ezona ndawo zibandayo kwindalo iphela ngamafu othuli negesi.

I-Boomerang Nebula ngokusemthethweni yeyona ndawo ibanda kakhulu kwindalo iphela. Le nebula isondele kakhulu, iminyaka engama-5.000 yokukhanya ukusuka kwiSolar System. Yinebula yeplanethi, imveliso yinkwenkwezi enkulu ebomvu esondela ekupheleni kobomi bayo. Ngaphambi kokuba ifike kweli nqanaba, yayiyinkwenkwezi efana neLanga ebikhupha iileya zayo zangaphandle emajukujukwini kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, ilahlekelwa bubunzima ngokuphindwe kalikhulu kunezinye iinkwenkwezi kwinqanaba elifanayo lendaleko. Xa kuthelekiswa nelanga ilahlekelwa ubunzima malunga ne-100 lamawaka ezigidi ngokukhawuleza kunokwenkwenkwezi yethu. Lo mlinganiselo uphezulu kangangokuba inkwenkwezi esembindini weBoomerang Nebula yaphulukana nobunzima obulingana ne-1,5 yobunzima beLanga kwiminyaka nje eli-1.500.

Irhasi ikwakhutshwa ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu se-164 km/s. ukukhulula umthamo omkhulu wamandla. Isiphumo yingingqi yokubanda kakhulu, kufutshane kakhulu no-zero. Le nebula ibanda ngokuphindwe kathathu kunelona qondo lobushushu lisezantsi lakha labhalwa eMhlabeni

Ubushushu beBoomerang Nebula

I-Boomerang Nebula inobushushu bangaphakathi obuyi-272ºC. Uziro opheleleyo ngu -273,15ºC. Ukuthetha ngokwenjongo, ibanda ngokuphindwe kathathu kunelona qondo lobushushu lisezantsi lakha larekhodwa eMhlabeni.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba elona qondo lobushushu libandayo elirekhodiweyo eMhlabeni lenzeka eVostok, eAntarctica ngo-1983, lakufika ku -89,2°C. Le yeyona ndawo ibandayo emhlabeni. Kodwa yindawo ekungahlali mntu kuyo, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo xa uthetha ngeyona ndawo ibandayo emhlabeni, idla ngokuba kwenye indawo. Apho kuhlala khona, eyona ndawo ibandayo eMhlabeni yiSiberta-Oymyakon (eMpuma yeSiberia), eneqondo lobushushu elibandayo elirekhodiweyo ku-67,8ºC.

Ayinxulumananga nelona qondo lobushushu lisezantsi lirekhodiweyo (-32ºC) eLake Estangento, eLleida Pyrenees, okanye nobushushu obufikelelwe kwindawo ebanda ngokusemthethweni eSpain: Molina de Aragón (Guadalajara).

Kwaye i-boomerang nebula ibanda kakhulu, ubushushu bayo buphantsi nangaphantsi kobushushu bemitha ye-microwave yangasemva. Le mitha kukukhanya kwemitha yokuqala yokukhanya evela kwindalo iphela, iphose malunga neminyaka engama-377.000 emva kweBig Bang.

iimpawu ze-nebula

Oko kukuthi, i-Boomerang Nebula ifunxa ubushushu obuncinci ukusuka ngasemva kwimitha ye-microwave. Yintoni eyabonwa xa yafunyanwa ngo-1980, xa uKeith Taylor noMike Carrot bayifunda. Kwiminyaka nje elishumi kamva, ngowe-1990, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi uRaghvendra Sahai sapapasha uhlolisiso olwaxela kwangaphambili ubukho bemimandla ebanda kakhulu kwindalo iphela.

Indlela ecetywayo yile ilandelayo: njengoko umoya weenkwenkwezi usuka kude inkwenkwezi, umoya we-stellar wanda ngokukhawuleza, ubangela ukuba ubushushu buhla.

Ngamanye amazwi, kwisikali se-cosmic, kufana nohlobo lwefriji. Ecinga ngoku, uSahai wajonga iBoomerang Nebula ngokwakhe ngo-1995 ukuze abone ukuba uqikelelo lwakhe luchanekile. Kulapho iqondo lobushushu le<em>nebula lamiselwa laza lamiselwa njengeyona ndawo ibandayo kwindalo iphela.

Ngo-2013, ngoncedo lweteleskopu yerediyo ye-ALMA, imilinganiselo yaqinisekiswa. Ngo-2017, uSahai ngokwakhe wapapasha isifundo esitsha ejonge okwenzekayo kwi-nebula. Iqondo lobushushu liphantsi kakhulu ngenxa yokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kwerhasi ekhutshwa yinkwenkwezi. Okungacacanga kangako kukuba yintoni ebangele ukuba iqhume ngesantya esiphezulu. Kulapho kwaqala kwacetyiswa ukuba kungenxa yenkwenkwezi enkulu ebomvu. Ngecaveat enye ebalulekileyo, loo nkwenkwezi ayiyodwa. Enyanisweni, iya kuba yinxalenye yenkqubo yebhinari kunye nenye inkwenkwezi encinci enkulu, eya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo eya kubangela ukuba igesi ikhutshwe kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu.

Ezinye izinto ezinje ngeyona ndawo ibandayo kwiNdawo yonke

UShai ngokwakhe wachaza ukuba ekuphela kwendlela yokukhupha ubunzima obuninzi ngesantya esinjalo kungokunxibelelana komxhuzulane phakathi kweenkwenkwezi ezimbini ezisondelelene kakhulu. Ngokuqwalasela ubukho bayo, umboniso ohambelanayo obonwe kwi-Boomerang Nebula unokufunyanwa.

Kule nto kufuneka songeze enye inkcukacha. Umaleko wangaphandle ukhutshiwe kumanqaku amabini amancinci. Umoya uyakhula kwaye uphole ngokukhawuleza njengoko ushiya indawo encinci yokuvuleka. Ke, ukusukela ngoko, kuye kwenziwa iinzame zokuyiqonda ngcono le nto. Ukwenza oku, kuyimfuneko ukugxila kuyo yonke i-galaxy. Kwenzeka ntoni kwi-Boomerang Nebula mhlawumbi kwenzeka kwezinye iindawo zeMilky Way.

Ngemizekelo emininzi, kunokwenzeka ukufunda ukufana kunye nomahluko. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa ukuba nokwenzeka kokufumana imimandla ebandayo kune-Boomerang Nebula kwaye ke ngoko kufutshane ne-zero ayikhutshelwanga.

Ngokuphathelele uNebula, ikamva lakhe lineenkcukacha ezininzi. Njengezinye iinebula eziziiplanethi, ekugqibeleni ziya kuncipha kangangamawaka eminyaka. Ngokwayo, Inkwenkwezi iya kuphelisa ubomi bayo njenge-white dwarf. Njengesidumbu seenkwenkwezi, esingakwaziyo naluphi na uhlobo lokudityaniswa ngaphakathi kwayo, iya kuphola ngokuthe ngcembe kwizikali zexesha elikhulu, inkqubo eya kuphila ixesha elikhoyo ngoku leNdalo.

Njengoko ubona, isayensi ihambela phambili ngakumbi kwaye iyakwazi ukufumanisa ezi ndawo zikude. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neyona ndawo ibanda kakhulu kwindalo yonke kunye neempawu zayo.