Nangona iPluto iyeyona planethi incinci kwisixokelelwano sethu selanga, eyaziwa ngokuba yiplanetoid, ikwanazo neesathelayithi. UCaronte Yeyona satellite inkulu yePluto. Yafunyanwa sisazi ngeenkwenkwezi saseMelika uJames W. Christie ngowe-1978. Igama layo lisikhumbuza uCharon, umqhubi wesikhephe kuMlambo iAkhon kwintsomi yamaGrike owayephethe ukuthabatha imiphefumlo esihogweni.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nesathelayithi yeCharon, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Imile okwengqukuva kwaye iqulathe ubukhulu becala ngumkhenkce. Inomdla wokuhlala ibonisa ubuso obufanayo kwiPluto, kwaye ihlala ibona ubuso bayo obufanayo kuba zombini zijikeleza kwiziko labo lobunzima.
Kwiminyaka emininzi, Kwakucingwa uCharon Yayikuphela kwenyanga eyayijikeleza iPluto, kodwa ekupheleni kuka-2005 kwabhengezwa ubukho beminye imizimba emibini emincinci, okwethutyana ebizwa ngokuba yi-S/2005 P 1 kunye ne-S/2005 P 2. Ngo-2006 iHubble Space Telescope yaqinisekisa ubukho bezi zinto zimbini zasesibhakabhakeni ngoJuni waloo nyaka mnye. , kunye ne-International Astronomical Union yazithiya, yazithiya ngokutsha ngokuthi iHydra neNix, ngokulandelelana kwazo.
NgoJulayi 20, 2011, iNASA yabhengeza ukufunyanwa kwesathelayithi yesine ejikeleza iplanethi encinci, efunyenwe nguHubble, yiP4 (igama lethutyana), eyona incinci kwiisathelayithi ezi-4 ezifunyenweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. NgoJulayi 12, 2012, i-NASA yabhengeza ukufunyanwa kwenyanga encinci, phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-24 km, ebizwa ngokuba yi-P5, eyafunyanwa kwakhona ngenxa ye-Hubble observations. NgoJulayi 2013, iisathelayithi ezimbini ezincinci zabizwa ngokuba yiCerberus kunye neStyx, ngokulandelanayo.
I-NASA's New Horizons probe yasungulwa ngo-2006 ngenjongo ephambili yokutyelela iPluto kunye neCharon. Yafika ngoJulayi 13, 2015. NgoJulayi 2013, yabuyisela imifanekiso yokuqala ebonisa uCharon njengento eyahlukileyo kwiPluto.
Ukufunyanwa kwe-satellite Charon
UCharon wafunyanwa ngoJuni 22, 1978 yisazi ngeenkwenkwezi sase-US Naval Observatory uJames W.. UChristie, owabhaqa into engaqhelekanga kakhulu kwimifanekiso yePluto ethathwe yiteleskopu yeFlagstaff Observatory. Umfanekiso osisiphumo ubonisa imilo kaPluto eyonde kancinci, ngelixa inkwenkwezi ekwifoto enye iswele oku kugqwetheka.
Uphononongo koovimba bendawo yogcino lwazi lubonise ukuba eminye imifanekiso embalwa ethatyathwe kwiimeko ezibalaseleyo zokubonakala ikwabonisa ubude, nangona uninzi khange lubonise. Esi siphumo sinokuchazwa ukuba bekukho enye into ejikeleza iPluto ngamaxesha athile, kodwa ingenkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingabonwa ngeteleskopu.
UChristie waqhubeka nophando lwakhe kwaye wafumanisa ukuba konke ukuqwalasela inokuchazwa ukuba into ekuthethwa ngayo inexesha le-orbital leentsuku ezingama-6,387 kunye nokwahlukana okuphezulu kwe-arc yesibini ukusuka kwiplanethi. Ixesha lokujikeleza kwePluto ziintsuku ezingama-6.387 kuphela, kwaye ekubeni inyanga iphantse ibe nexesha elifanayo lokujikeleza, ufumanisa ukuba le yeyona nkqubo eyaziwayo yeplanethi-satellite apho ezi zimbini zibonisa ubuso obufanayo ngokulandelelana. Ubukho bacinywa xa inkqubo ingena kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu yokusithwa kwelanga yinyanga phakathi kuka-1985 no-1990. Le nto yenzeka xa iinqwelomoya ezijikelezayo zePluto kunye neCharon ziseludinini xa zithelekiswa nembono evela eMhlabeni. Oku kwenzeka kabini kuphela kwixesha le-Pluto leminyaka engama-248 yokujikeleza. Ngethamsanqa, elinye lala mathuba okusithwa kwelanga yinyanga lenzeka kamsinya nje emva kokuba uCharon efunyenwe.
I-Hubble Space Telescope yathatha imifanekiso yokuqala yePluto kunye neCharon isonjululwe njengeediski ezihlukeneyo kwiminyaka ye-1990. Kamva, ukuphuhliswa kwe-adaptive optics kwenza kube lula ukusombulula iidiski ngamnye usebenzisa i-telescopes ezisekelwe phantsi.
Ngokufunyanwa kweCharon, ingcamango yokuba uPluto wayeyinyanga ephunyukileyo eNeptune yachithwa. I-Charon inobubanzi beekhilomitha ezili-1.208, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sobukhulu bePluto, kunye indawo ye-4.580.000 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha. Ngokungafaniyo nePluto, egqunywe yinitrogen kunye nomkhenkce wemethane, umphezulu weCharon ubonakala ubukhulu becala ngumkhenkce wamanzi. Kwakhona kubonakala ngathi akukho moya. Ngo-2007, ukuqwalaselwa kwe-ammonia hydrates kunye neekristale kumphezulu we-Charon yi-Gemini Observatory kubonise ubukho "obushushu obuphantsi komthombo wokushisa."
Ukusithwa kwelanga yinyanga kwePluto kunye neCharon kwiminyaka yoo-1980 yavumela izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukuba zihlalutye imigca yembonakalo yePluto kunye nendibaniselwano yeenkwenkwezi ezimbini. Ngokukhupha i-spectrum ye-Pluto kwi-spectrum epheleleyo, baye bakwazi ukumisela ukubunjwa kwendawo ye-Charon.
Ukuqulunqwa kweCharon
Ubungakanani beCharon kunye nobukhulu bayo busivumela ukuba sibale ukuxinana kwayo, sisazi oku sinokuthi ngumzimba onomkhenkce kwaye iqulethe inxalenye encinci yelitye kuneqabane layo inkwenkwezi, ixhasa into yokuba i-Charon yenziwa nguPluto. Impembelelo enkulu kwingubo enomkhenkce.
Kukho iithiyori ezimbini eziphikisanayo malunga nengaphakathi leCharon: Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ngumzimba omnye onjengePluto, kunye nesiseko samatye kunye nengubo enomkhenkce, ngelixa abanye bakholelwa ukuba i-Charon inokwakheka okudibeneyo. Ubungqina bufunyenwe obuxhasa i-hypothesis yokuqala. Ukufunyanwa kwe-ammonia hydrate kunye neekristale kumphezulu we-Charon kubonisa ubukho bomsebenzi osebenzayo "umthombo wobushushu obuphantsi." Inyaniso yokuba umkhenkce usekwimeko yekristale ibonisa ukuba ufakwe mva nje, kuba ukusasazeka kwemitha yelanga bekuya kuthotywa. Umkhenkce wamandulo ukuya kwimo ye-amorphous emva kweminyaka engama-30.000.
Uqeqesho
I-Pluto kunye ne-Charon kucingelwa ukuba zizinto ezimbini eziye zangqubana ngaphambi kokuba zingene kwi-orbit enye kwenye. Ungquzulwano lunobundlobongela ngokwaneleyo ukubilisa umkhenkce oguquguqukayo njenge-methane, kodwa alunabundlobongela ngokwaneleyo ukuba lutshabalalise.
Kwinqaku lemodeli elapapashwa ngo-2005, URobin Canup ucebise ukuba iCharon yayinokwenziwa malunga ne-4500 yezigidigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ngempembelelo enkulu, efana noMhlaba neNyanga.. Kulo mzekelo, i-KBO enkulu ibetha kwi-Pluto ngesantya esiphezulu, izitshabalalisa kwaye isasaza ininzi yengubo yangaphandle yeplanethi. ICharon yasekwa ngokudityaniswa kweentsalela. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo enjalo inokukhokelela kwi-rockier, i-Charon enqabileyo kunokuba izazinzulu zePluto zifumene.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neCharon kunye neempawu zayo.