Ulwandlekazi lwePasifiki ngowona manzi makhulu ehlabathini, lugubungela ngaphezulu kwe-30% yomphezulu womhlaba kwaye lubambe inani elikhulu lamazwe nemimandla yeziqithi. I Amazwe oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki baneempawu ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukususela kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoshishino ukusa kumazwe amancinane naphuhliswe kangako. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu ezithile eziqhelekileyo kumazwe amaninzi ePasifiki.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuze sikuxelele ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo, i-geology kunye nenkcubeko yamazwe oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki kunye nezinye izinto ezinomdla wolwandle.
Amazwe oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki
Okokuqala, uninzi lwamazwe asePasifiki aneyantlukwano enkulu yenkcubeko kunye nobuhlanga, ngenxa yesicwangciso sabo sobuchule njengebhulorho phakathi kweAsia kunye neMelika. Ukusuka kubantu bomthonyama baseOceania ukuya kubahlali basemzini abavela eTshayina, eJapan nakwamanye amazwe aseAsia, iPasifiki yindawo enyibilikayo yeenkcubeko nezithethe.
Okwesibini, amazwe amaninzi ePasifiki axhomekeke kakhulu ekulobeni nasekulimeni ukuze aziphilise. Ukuloba ngumthombo obalulekileyo wengeniso kunye nomsebenzi kumazwe amaninzi aselunxwemeni, ngelixa ezolimo ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo kumazwe eziqithi anomhlaba omncinane olimekayo. Ukongeza, amanye amazwe akuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki anemithombo yendalo efana neoyile negesi yendalo.
Okwesithathu, amazwe amaninzi akuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki ajongene nemingeni yezoqoqosho nentlalontle. Ubuhlwempu, ukungaqeshwa, ukungabikho kwemfundo neenkonzo zempilo ezisisiseko ziingxaki eziqhelekileyo kwamanye amazwe ePasifiki. Ngaphaya koko, uninzi lwala mazwe lukwajongene nemingeni yokusingqongileyo, efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nelahleko yezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo.
La mazwe anembali etyebileyo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko ebalulekileyo ekugcinweni nasekukhuseleni. Ukusuka kwiinkcubeko zakudala zabantu bomthonyama baseOceania ukuya kwimpembelelo yobukoloniyali baseYurophu, Imbali yePasifiki ityebile kwaye yahlukene. Ukugcinwa kweendawo zenkcubeko kunye nokukhuthazwa kokhenketho oluzinzileyo kubalulekile ukugcina nokwabelana ngelifa lenkcubeko etyebileyo yePacific. Ziyahluka kwaye zizodwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngelixa bejongene nemingeni ebalulekileyo, banenkcubeko etyebileyo, imbali, kunye nelifa lendalo elifanele ukukhuselwa kwaye lixatyiswe.
Ukubaluleka kwezoqoqosho
I-Pacific ibaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- Ineediphozithi ezibalulekileyo zeoli kunye negesi, ii-polymetallic nodules, isanti kunye negrabile.
- Imele indlela yorhwebo yaselwandle ebalulekileyo.
- Ukuloba lelinye lawona mashishini axhamlayo ngenxa yokuxinana kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki kwiintlanzi ezityiwayo ezahlukeneyo kunye neeshellfish ezifunwa kakhulu kumazwe ahlukeneyo, ngakumbi eAsia. Ezona nqanawa zikhulu zetyhuna ehlabathini ziloba kolu lwandlekazi. Umntla-ntshona wePasifiki uthathwa njengolona shishino lokuloba lubalulekileyo, ukuvelisa ama-28 ekhulwini okulotywa kwehlabathi. Oku kulandelwa ngummandla waseNtshona nakuMbindi wePasifiki, othabatha i-16 ekhulwini leentlanzi ezilotywa ehlabathini. Ukongeza kwi-tuna, i-horse mackerel, i-Alaskan whiting, i-baby sardines, i-anchovies yaseJapan, i-cod, i-hake kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-squid nazo zibanjiswa ngobuninzi.
- Ulwandlekazi lwePasifiki luqhagamshelwe kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki ngokusebenzisa imijelo yendalo kwincam esemazantsi eMelika, iStrait yaseMagellan kunye noLwandle lweDrake, kodwa mhlawumbi eyona ndlela isebenzayo nethe ngqo idlula kwiPanama Canal eyenziweyo.
- Ubuqhetseba sisisongelo saselwandle esithintela ukuhamba simahla kuLwandle lwaseTshayina, uLwandle lweCelebes, kunye noLwandle lweSulu. Ukuphanga kuxhotyiwe nokuxhwila lulwaphulo-mthetho oluthe rhoqo olungafane lupheliswe. Iinqanawa kunye nezinye iinqanawa kufuneka zithathe amanyathelo okukhusela kunye nokukhusela ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
ulondolozo lolwandle
I-Pacific ijongene nemiceli mngeni emikhulu: utshintsho lwemozulu, ungcoliseko lweplastiki kunye nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo. Nangona ikhuselwe phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ubukhulu bayo buthetha ukuba iinzame zokulondoloza ubutyebi bayo bendalo akulula ukuyigcina.
Ngokutsho kwedatha ekhutshwe yiNew York Times, kukho iitoni ezingama-87.000 zenkunkuma kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, kwaye eli nani liya kwanda kwiminyaka ezayo, phakathi kwazo, iiplastiki kunye neenatha zokuloba zezona zinto zilahliwe kunye nokwandiswa. Oku kuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma kwaziwa njengeSiqithi seGarbage, indawo eyi-1,6 yesigidi seekhilomitha phakathi kweHawaii neCalifornia.
Kwelinye icala, iindawo ezininzi zoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki zidinga ukuchacha ekulobeni ngokugqithisileyo. kuba inani leentlobo ezimiselwe ukusetyenziswa ngabantu zisilela ukuchacha ngexesha lokuzala, echaphazela izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle. Ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni izilwanyana ezisemngciphekweni sesinye sezisongelo ezinkulu kwiPasifiki.
Iziqithi zoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki
Ulwandlekazi lwePasifiki lunamawaka eziqithi ezahlukeneyo, uninzi lwazo zezeOceania, zahlulwe zaba yimimandla emithathu eyahlukileyo:
- IsiMelanesia: INew Guinea, iPapua New Guinea, i-Indonesia, iNew Caledonia, iZenadh Kes (iTorres), iVanuatu, iFiji kunye neSolomon Islands.
- Mikhroneshiya: Iziqithi zaseMariana, eGuam, eWake Island, ePalau, eMarshall Islands, eKiribati, eNauru naseUnited States yaseMicronesia.
- IPolynesia: INew Zealand, iHawaii, iRotuma, iMidway, iSamoa, iAmerican Samoa, iTonga, iTovalu, iCook Islands, iFrench Polynesia, neEaster Island.
Ukongeza, kukho ezinye iziqithi ezingezizo ezeli lizwekazi, njenge:
- Iziqithi zaseGalapagos. Yeyase-Ecuador.
- Iziqithi zaseAleutian. Bahlala eAlaska naseUnited States.
- Sakhalin kunye neziqithi zaseKuril. YeyaseRashiya.
- eTaiwan. YeyaseRiphabhlikhi yaseTshayina kwaye ikwimpikiswano neRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina.
- Filipayinzi.
- Iziqithi ezikuLwandle lwase China. YeyaseTshayina.
- IJapan kunye neZiqithi zaseRyukyu.
Eyona ndawo inzulu eyaziwayo kuzo zonke iilwandlekazi zehlabathi ikuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki esentshona, kufutshane neZiqithi zaseMariana neGuam, kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yiMariana Trench. Inokwakheka kwesiva okanye iceba, inabela ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-2.550 zoqweqwe kwaye ifikelela kububanzi obuziikhilomitha ezingama-69.
Obona bukhulu bunzulu baziwa buziimitha ezili-11.034, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukuba i-Everest ibinokuwela kwi-Mariana Trench, ingqungquthela yayo ibiya kuba yi-1,6 yeekhilomitha ngaphantsi komgangatho wamanzi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga namazwe ase-Pacific Ocean kunye neempawu zawo.