Amanzi amaninzi

Kwicandelo lejoloji kunye nejografi a amanzi oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Luxinzelelo emhlabeni olujikelezwe ngumhlaba ophakamileyo. Kule ndawo, onke amanzi awela kuyo, kubandakanywa nemvula kunye nekhephu elinyibilikileyo, ajika abe lilinye. Kwindawo yomhlaba ophantsi ehambelana nendawo yokuphuma kwesitya. Yilapho imilambo, amachibi, amachweba akhiwa khona kwaye athululela elwandle naselwandle.

Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ngokubaluleka kwesitya se-hydrographic, iimpawu zayo kunye nokuma komhlaba.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Imilambo emininzi inesitya sayo sokukhupha amanzi, esihambisa umhlaba wonke. Umzekelo, wonke umjelo wamanzi oMlambo iAmazon wenza indawo yawo yokuhambisa amanzi, njengoko kunjalo Indawo yokuhambisa amanzi oMlambo umNayile yindawo yakho yokuhambisa amanzi. Zezona nkqubo ziphambili zendalo ezijongene nokuqokelela kunye nokuhambisa amanzi kunye neentsholongwane.

"Umgca" owahlula ukwahlula izitya zamanzi ezikufutshane ubizwa ngokuba "sisitya", esingeyonto ngaphandle kothotho lwezakhiwo zejoloji ezinokuphakama okubonakalayo ukunqanda ukuhlangana kwamanzi echibi. Iinduli, iintaba, iinduli kunye neendawo ezinqamlezileyo zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezinokwahlula amanzi.

Izitya ziyahluka ngokobukhulu, kodwa zinokuba ncinane zinkulu, zigubungela uninzi lweendawo zelizwe zize zifikelele kwiikhilomitha ezizikwere. Isizathu soku kukuba isitya asinawo nje umlambo omnye, kodwa kunye neerhafu ezininzi, ezidityaniswe namanye amaqonga amakhulu okanye amancinci amanzi.

Amaxesha amaninzi umlambo omncinci uzaliswa ngumlambo omkhulu okanye uqhagamshela kumjelo okanye echibini, ke ngoko isixa samanzi kwisitya siya kunyuka. Ke ngoko, isitya esikhulu sinomjelo ophambili kunye nawo onke amancedo, kodwa unxweme ngalunye lunesitya esincinci. Umzekelo: Umlambo waseMississippi unamanzi amancinci angama-6. Isitya seAmazon ngowona mlambo mkhulu kuba wona kunye nawo onke amancedo anendawo yokuhambisa amanzi ngaphezulu kwe-7 yezigidi zeekhilomitha.

Indawo yokuhambisa amanzi yeyona nkqubo yendalo inoxanduva lokuqokelela kunye nokuhambisa amanzi kunye nentlenga emilanjeni, kwimilambo, nakwezinye iindlela zamanzi. Ubungakanani bolwelo oluhambayo luxhomekeke kwimvula eyenzekayo, umthamo wokungena, ukungena komhlaba kunye nokugcwala komhlaba, ukumila komhlaba (tyaba, ukuthambeka, njl. Njl. Yintoni egqithisile, ukusebenzisa kakhulu amanzi aphezu komhlaba ngabantu kuya kunciphisa umyinge wamanzi kwisitya.

Iindidi zamanzi

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamabhasiki e-hydrographic ngokwe-morphology kunye nendawo efumaneka kuyo. Masibone ukuba zeziphi ezona ziphambili:

• Isitya somlambo. Ziindawo ezifunxwe yimilambo kunye neenzuzo zazo, ngokomzekelo okhankanywe apha ngasentla. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iintlobo zamanzi
• Isitya sesakhiwo. Bona akhiwa ukubana amacwecwe ziitectonic plates. Ziqheleke kakhulu kwimimandla eyomileyo.
• Isitya sangaphakathi. Amanzi ayo awahambi elwandle okanye elwandle, kodwa athambekele ekubeni ngumphunga okanye angene emhlabeni. Ezi zitya zineendlela zokuhambisa amanzi ngaphakathi.
• Isitya sechibi. Izitya zeetekoniki ezifumaneka ezintlanjeni zivaliwe bubutyobo, amatye, okanye ezinye izinto ezithintela ukukhutshwa kwamanzi, yiyo loo nto zibanjiswe kukungqubana nokwenza amachibi.
• Isitya sokuhlambela. Zizitya zokuhlambela ezinamanzi ezinemizila emincinci eyenziwe ngamatye kunye nezinto eziphilayo.
• Isitya solwandle. Zihambelana nokudakumba okukhulu okufumaneka kwiilwandlekazi zehlabathi, ke kulwandle ngalunye kukho isitya

Ungcoliseko nokubaluleka

Ungcoliseko kunye nokuhlala kwabantu ezidolophini zezinye zezoyikiso ezibi ezisongela umhlaba. Amanzi adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni i-ecology kunye nobomi bezinto eziphilayo, kubandakanya nabantu. Amanzi sesinye sezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwindalo ehlabathini kwaye ayimfuneko ekusetyenzisweni kwabo bonke abantu.

Ungcoliseko, ukuhlala ezidolophini nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezixhobo (izilwanyana kunye neentlobo zezityalo zamanzi, izimbiwa, njl. Oorhulumente abaninzi baseke amaqela olawulo lwamanzi, kodwa inyani kukuba nabani na ozama ukukhathalela amanzi ukwanceda ukukhusela amanzi.

Ukuhlanjwa kwamanzi kubalulekile kuphuhliso lwendalo kunye nemisebenzi yabantu. Kubaluleke ngantoni isitya? Sikubonisa imizekelo:

• I-Primero, lawula ukuhamba kwamanzi, ke ubukho bayo bunciphisa umngcipheko weentlekele zendalo ezinje ngezikhukula okanye ukuqhekeka komhlaba.
• Kwakhona, lawula umgangatho wamanzi kwaye ungumthombo wamanzi amatsha, ukutya kwazo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala emhlabeni.
• Kuba ukuhamba kwamanzi esityeni kukhawuleza kakhulu, sinokufumana amandla ombane ukwenza umbane wethu.
• Ekugqibeleni, asinakusilela ukubukhankanya ubuhle bomlambo, edla ngokuba yinxalenye yemisebenzi yethu yokuzonwabisa.

Ukusekwa kunye nokwakheka kwezitya ze-hydrographic

Kumjikelo wamanzi, amanzi emvula aqokelela imijelo emincinci eyenza amathambeka ukwenza izitya zamanzi, kuvula imijelo emininzi yexesha elifutshane. Inxalenye yamanzi emvula ayenyuka abe ngumphunga okanye angene kwaye elinye icala lijikeleza ithambeka. Xa isitya sikhulu ngokwaneleyo, umphezulu wokuhamba komhlaba kunye nokuhamba komhlaba kunokuvelisa ukuhamba kwamanzi okusisigxina, kwenza isitya esipheleleyo se-hydrological.

Amanzi ahlukaniswe kwiindawo ezininzi. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:

• Isitya esingaphezulu: yindawo apho umthombo womlambo omkhulu ubekwe kwiindawo zamathambeka kunye neentaba.
• Isitya esiphakathi: Yindawo ehambelana nentlambo yomlambo, apho, ngokubanzi, igzaggs.
• Isitya esezantsi: Kummandla osezantsi apho imilambo ilahlekelwa khona sisantya, amandla kunye nentlenga yazo zonke izinto eziqokelelweyo, zisenza amathafa.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni indawo yamanzi, ziimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.