Kangangexesha elithile, kuye kwaziwa ukuba iMars inamanzi ngaphakathi kuyo. Into engaziwayo kukuba angakanani amanzi anokuba nawo. Njengoko sisazi, iMars ijolise kwi-NASA kwaye ifundwe kakuhle. Idatha entsha ibonakalisiwe amanzi kwiimars ehambelana nomhlaba ongaphantsi wepali yasemazantsi. Amaninzi amachibi angaphantsi komhlaba abonakala efumaneka kule ndawo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into eyaziwayo ngoku malunga namanzi kwiMars.
ISouth Pole kunye namanzi kwiMars
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, siyazi ukuba umhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba we-Mars uqulethe i-ice ice kunye ne-carbon dioxide efriziwe kwiindawo, ezibizwa ngokuba ngumkhenkce owomileyo. Ezi ntlenga zifunyenwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, esivumela ukuba sikwazi ukurekhoda ngcono imbali kaMars. Umzekelo, sivumele ukuba siqwalasele ukuba imimandla ethile kaMars yayiphola njani ngaphambili ukuvumela oku kubanda.
Isifundo esitsha esenziwe yi-NASA siveze iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nale dipozithi iphantsi komhlaba. Abaqinisekanga ukuba ezi mpawu ngamanzi alulwelo, kodwa zibonakala zibanzi kakhulu kunalezo zifumaneka kumaxwebhu okuqala. Iarhente isebenzise isixhobo se-MARSIS kwi-Mars Space Orbiter ye-European Space Agency. Ngesi sixhobo seradar, abaphandi banokuthumela amaza kumphezulu weMars. Ngokusekwe kumaza abonakalisiweyo ewamkelayo, banokufumanisa ukuba yintoni engaphantsi komphezulu. Umzekelo, Umkhenkce ubonakala lula kumaza e-radarNgelixa izinto ezinje ngomhlaba ngokwawo zingena ngokulula kwaye zingabonakali kakuhle.
Uphando lwakutsha nje luveze uninzi lweendawo ezibonisa umzantsi. Indawo egutyungelwe zezi ngongoma inkulu kakhulu kunokuba bekucingwa njalo. Kodwa eyona nto inomdla kukuba kwiindawo ezininzi amanzi afriziwe angaphantsi kweekhilomitha ezimbini ubunzulu.
Isixelela ntoni le nto? Kufuneka senze uphando ngakumbi kuloo ndawo ye-Mars. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo ndinakoKhuthaza imishini entsha yesiza eSouth Pole kwiMars. Isipha esiseMzantsi Pole of Mars singasinceda ukuba siyiqonde ngcono indlela aziphatha ngayo amanzi kule ngingqi kwaye iluncedo kangakanani na kubantu kwixesha elizayo.
Uphando ngamanzi kwiMars
Namhlanje, iMars iyintlango enomkhenkce. Kodwa ii-deltas ezomileyo kunye neebhanki zibonisa ukuba ngaphambili, amanzi ayephumela ngaphaya komphezulu wale planethi ebomvu. Kumashumi eminyaka, izazinzulu bezama ukuqonda ukuba aphi amanzi kwiMars, ngethemba lokuqonda ukuba iplanethi ebomvu yaba njani yinkangala eyomileyo, ngelixa ummelwane wayo, uMhlaba, yonge imithombo yamanzi kwaye yaba yiparadesi yendalo.
Ngoku, ngokwazisa ukuqaphela le planethi ukuba ibeyimodeli entsha, iqela leenzululwazi ngokuma komhlaba kunye noososayensi bemeko-bume livelise umfanekiso omtsha wexesha elidlulileyo likaMars: uninzi lwamanzi aqulathwe kule planethi anokubanjiswa kuqweqwe loMhlaba.
Izifundo zangaphambili zibonise ukuba xa imitha yelanga itsala amanzi kwiMars evela emoyeni, uninzi lwamanzi akwiMars abalekela emajukujukwini. Kodwa olu phononongo lutsha ligqiba kwelokuba amanzi eMars ahlupheke ngokuvuza komoya kunye nokubanjwa komhlaba. Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bamanzi aqala ngawo, imodeli entsha iqikelela ukuba phakathi kwama-30% nama-99% adityanisiwe kwizimbiwa ezisuka kuqweqwe lomhlabangelixa abanye bebalekela emajukujukwini. Olu luhlu olubanzi kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba lubandakanye iinkqubo ezimbini, ke inyani ikuluhlu.
Ukuba imodeli entsha ichanekile, imbali yokufikisa eMhlabeni kuya kufuneka iphinde ibhalwe. Kukholelwa ukuba onke amanzi abanjelwe kuqweqwe lweMars namhlanje kuthetha ukuba ebusheni bayo, bekukho amanzi amaninzi ngaphezulu kumphezulu weMars kunemodeli zangaphambili eziqikelelweyo, kwaye namaxesha amandulo angabakho ngaphezulu kunokuba bekwaziwa ngaphambili. yobomi bentsholongwane. Umoya ocekeceke weMars uthintela ubukho bamanzi alulwelo kumphezulu weplanethi ebomvu. Kodwa amanzi anokuhlala engamanzi phantsi komhlaba.
Imijelo emhlophe
Kukho ubungqina bokuba kukho amanzi anetyiwa eMars, kwaye oku kulwelo kungunobangela wee-grooves ezinemigca ezifumaneka kumathambeka eekreyitha ngela xesha lishushu eMars. Yintoni egqithisile, Ulwelo olungaphantsi komhlaba lubonelela ngendawo efanelekileyo kubomi kulo mhlaba. Iziphumo ziveze ubungqina betyuwa enamanzi kwiindawo ezine ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, oko kubizwa ngokuba ngumsele omncinci ocekeceke, omalunga neemitha ezi-5 ububanzi kwaye ufundwe iminyaka emininzi, kungenxa yomsebenzi wamanzi anetyuwa.
Imijikelezo emangazayo emangazayo ivela rhoqo ngehlobo laseMartian, kubonakala ngathi ihla ezantsi kwithambeka lobubanzi bendawo esemazantsi. Xa kufika ingqele, le mizila okanye le mizila iyanyamalala. Inyaniso yokuba idatha ngoku iqinisekisa ukuba le mifolo ayigcinwa unyaka wonke ibonisa ukuba amanzi angamanzi ahamba esihla ezindulini nasemathambekeni ngenxa yamaqondo obushushu anyukayo. Xa kufika ixesha elibandayo bayanyamalala.
Ngombulelo kwidatha ye-spectrometric evela kwi-CRISM, iqela lezenzululwazi elivela kwi-Georgia Institute of Technology (e-USA) liqinisekisile ubukho beetyuwa ezinamanzi afana neepherllorates kunye neeklorates, ezixhaphake kakhulu kule planethi (ukuya kuthi ga kuma-10.000 amaxesha ngaphezulu koMhlaba). Ke ngoku yehlisa indawo yokubanda yamanzi ukusuka ku-0ºC ukuya -70ºC, imeko apho kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane amanzi angamanzi.
Iimeko zobomi
Nokuba yonke into ifunyenwe, Umphezulu weplanethi ebomvu uneemeko zokusingqongileyo ezinobutshaba ebomini. Ngokukodwa, le miqathango imiselwe sisixa semitha yelanga evela elangeni. Nangona kunjalo, ezi datha kubukho bamanzi angamanzi kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba zenza ukuba kube lula ukuhlala phantsi komgaqo kaMartian, kulapho kufuneka ukuba kugxilwe kwiinzame zokukhangela ubomi kwixa elizayo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga namanzi akuMars nayo yonke into eyaziwayo ngayo.