Kwi-physics, amandla afundwa njenge amandla angular. Eli xabiso lokushukuma kwe-angular lisetyenziswa kwisindululo sokujikeleza, esenza ukuba umfutho ube sisinyanzelo sokuguqulela. Umtsalane we-angular bubungakanani bevektha obubonakala ikakhulu kukujikeleza kwesuntswana ngendlela yokugcina ixesha okanye kwinto eyandisiweyo ejikeleze i-axis edlula kwindawo leyo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga namandla angular okuba luncedo kwayo kwi-physics.
Yintoni amandla angular
Xa sizama ukuyibala into ethile ebekwe intshukumo ejikeleze i-axis kuhlala kufanelekile ukuba ichaze i-axis yokujikeleza ngokulula. Siza kuqala ukulinganisa ngenqaku lezinto ezinobunzima be-m, umfutho we-angular ubhalwe sisifinyezo uL. Umgama ohamba phambili ngu-p kunye nokuma kwe-particle ngokubhekiselele kwi-axis edlula kwinqanaba elithile O ngu-r.
Le yindlela esibalwe ngayo ngale ndlela ilandelayo: L = rxp
Isisombululo esivela kwimveliso ye vector sisebenza ngokungafaniyo kwinqwelomoya eyenziwe ziivenkile ezithatha inxaxheba. Oku kuthetha ukuba ulwalathiso lwengqondo olunokufunyanwa ngumgaqo wesandla sasekunene kwimveliso yomnqamlezo. Umfutho weAngular ulinganiswa ngeeyunithi zekg ngeemitha zesikwere / yesibini. Oku kulinganiswa ngokwenkqubo yeeyunithi zamanye amazwe kwaye ayinalo igama elikhethekileyo.
Le nkcazo yesantya se-angular yenza olona luvo kwimizimba eyenziwe ngamasuntswana amaninzi.
Isixa seentshukumo ze-angular
Sisebenzisa i-angular umfutho we-particle point ukubonisa imeko yokujikeleza kwenqaku okanye umzimba onokuphathwa ngoluhlobo. Khumbula ukuba oku kuyenzeka xa ubukhulu bomzimba bungakhathali xa kuthelekiswa nokuhamba kwentshukumo yayo. Ngokunxulumene nee vectors zamandla e-angular ngokubhekisele kwinqaku elinikiweyo kunye nomgama ohamba phambili wenqaku lesuntswana ihamba njengokujikeleza isantya se-angular.
Kwimeko yamasuntswana ahamba ngokujikeleza, i-engile ngama-90 degrees. Kungenxa yokuba isantya sokuqina kwe-angular sisoloko sibambekile kwisangqa kwaye ngenxa yoko sijolise kwiradiyo.
Xa sithetha ngamandla angular, sikwathetha nangomzuzu we-inertia. Ayisiyonto ingaphaya kokuchazwa nini Umzimba oqinileyo une-inertia yomzimba wayo ngokuchasene nokujikeleza ujikeleze i-axis ethile. Lo mzuzu we-inertia uxhomekeke kungekuphela kubunzima bomzimba, kodwa nakumgama ukusuka emzimbeni ngokwawo ukuya kwi-axis yokujikeleza. Oku kunokuqondakala ngokulula ukuba sicinga ukuba, kwezinye izinto, kulula ukujikeleza ngokubhekisele kwabanye abakwi-axis efanayo. Oku kuxhomekeke ekubunjweni nakwimeko yento ngokwayo.
Kwiinkqubo zamasuntswana umzuzu we-inertia uchazwe ngoonobumba I kwaye ubalwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo:
Ndi = ∑ ri2 .Mi
Apha sinokuthi eyaziwayo yayo m yinxalenye encinci yobunzima kwaye r ngumgama umzimba onawo ngokubhekisele kwi-axis yokujikeleza. Umzimba uya kwandiswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ubunjwe ngamasuntswana amaninzi, yiyo loo nto umzuzu opheleleyo we-inertia sisambuku sayo yonke imveliso phakathi kobunzima nomgama. Kuxhomekeka kwijiyometri enezinto, isishwankathelo siyatshintsha kwaye sisuka kwindibanisela umahluko. Umxholo womzuzu we-inertia unxulumene ngokusondeleyo nefuthe le-angular yento okanye yandiswe ngokupheleleyo.
Umzuzu we-Angular wenkqubo yamasuntswana
Siza kuqwalasela inkqubo yamasuntswana enziwe ngabantu abaninzi kwaye ejikelezayo ilandela umjikelo omnye ngaxeshanye kwi-xy moya, nganye nganye inejubane lomgama elihambelana nesantya se-angular. Ngale ndlela, iyonke inkqubo inokubalwa kwaye inikwe esi sixa silandelayo:
L= ∑ r ri2 .Mi
Umzimba owandisiweyo Inokwahlulahlulwa ibe zizilayi nganye nganye ine-angular umfutho ohlukileyo. Ukuba i-axis yolingano lwento ekuthethwa ngayo ihambelana ne-z axis akukho ngxaki. Kwaye oku kungenxa yokuba kukho amanqaku angabikho kwi-xy moya, ngoko ke izinto eziyenzayo kwaye ezihambelana ngqo kwi-axis zichaziwe.
Masibone ngoku xa isiyahluka. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa amandla omnatha eza kusebenza ngokuchasene nomzimba okanye isuntswana, umfutho wale nto ingatshintsha. Ngenxa yoko, kuya kuba njalo nangamandla angular.
Kwelinye icala, ulondolozo lwenzeka xa luhluka, imitha ekhoyo ye torque. Ukuba le torque inguziro, umfutho we-angular uhlala ugcinwa. Esi siphumo sisasebenza nokuba umzimba awukho ngqongqo ngokupheleleyo.
Imizekelo yesantya se-angular
Konke oku kuye kwaba yithiyori eninzi kwaye akunakuqondwa kakuhle ngaphandle kwemizekelo ebonakalayo. Makhe sibone imizekelo ebonakalayo yokuqina kwe-angular. Kowokuqala sinemizobo yokuzoba kunye neminye imidlalo apho kukho amathuba. Xa i-skater iqala ukujika, uyolula iingalo zakhe aze asinciphise kwimizimba yethu ukuze siwele imilenze yakhe. Oku kwenzelwa ukonyusa isantya sokujika. Nanini na xa umzimba ushukuma rhoqo, ungena kwisivumelwano. Ngombulelo kwesi sithintelo sinokunyusa isantya sokujikeleza. Kungenxa yokuba inyani yokukwazi ukwenza isivumelwano neengalo kunye nemilenze yenza ukuba umzuzu we-inertia nawo wehle. Kuba umfutho we-angular ulondoloziwe, i-angular velocity iyanda.
Omnye umzekelo kukuba kutheni iikati zihamba ngeenyawo zazo. Nangona ingenayo isixa sokuqala sokuhamba, iqinisekisa ukuba ithi ngokukhawuleza yomibini imilenze kunye nomsila ukuze kutshintshwe i-inertia yokujikeleza kwaye ikwazi ukuwa elunyaweni. Ngelixa beqhuba olo jiko, umfutho wabo we-angular zero kuba ujikelezo lwabo aluqhubeki.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngalo.