Phakathi kweentlobo zamandla esizaziyo kwicandelo lefiziksi sinazo amandla ahambelanayo. Kumalunga naloo mandla azalwa kwisambuku samandla ekinetic wento athi amandla ayo aphumle. Olu hlobo lwamandla lwaziwa njengamandla angaphakathi. Amandla ahambelanayo abaluleke kakhulu kwifiziksi.
Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu, ukubaluleka kunye nokunye okuninzi malunga namandla ahambelanayo.
Yintoni amandla ahambelanayo
Amandla ahambelanayo esuntswana achazwa njengesixa samandla ekinetic kunye nawokuphumla. Kwifiziksi, amandla ahambelanayo yipropathi yayo yonke inkqubo yomzimba (enkulu okanye hayi). Ixabiso layo liyenyuka xa inkqubo ethile idlulisela amandla kuyo, itshintshela ku-zero xa inkqubo inyamalala okanye itshatyalalisiwe. Ngaloo ndlela, kwinkqubo yereferensi ye-inertial enikeziweyo, ixabiso layo liya kuxhomekeka kwimeko yenkqubo yomzimba, kwaye iya kuhlala ihleli kuphela ukuba inkqubo ethethiweyo yodwa.
Xa uAlbert Einstein, ethathwa njengeyona ngcali yefiziksi inkulu kulo lonke ixesha, okokuqala wafumana ifomula yakhe edumileyo Amandla=mc2, wayengenalo nofifi lokuba uya kusebenzisa kangakanani na iithiyori zakhe zonxulumano olukhethekileyo kunye nolwalamana ngokubanzi ukutshatisa ikhondo lembali.
Xa kubalwa isantya, umgama ohanjiweyo mawuhlulwe ngexesha elifunekayo lokuhamba. Le fomula inezinto ezimbini ekufuneka zitshintshiwe: indawo kunye nexesha, kuba isantya sokukhanya sihlala sifana.
Khumbula ukuba amandla yipropati yezinto ezivumela ukuba zenze umsebenzi. Kuloo nkqubo, sinokudlulisela amandla kwinto, ebangela ukuba ihambe. Ubunzima bukwanxulumene ngokusondeleyo nentshukumo. Kodwa ikwanento yokwenza ne-inertia, imeko yokumelana nentshukumo, izinto ezinzima kakhulu, okanye intshukumo esingenako ukuthoba isantya okanye ukuyimisa njengoko zifumana isantya esikhulu.
Ubunzima ke bungumlinganiselo we-inertia eboniswa yinto.. Izinto ezinobunzima obuninzi kunzima ukukhawulezisa kunye nokuqhawula. Amandla kunye nobunzima kwi-equation ziyalingana. Ezinye iingcali zefiziksi zijonga ubunzima njengohlobo oluthile lwamandla kwaye azibaxi izinto. Singakwazi ukuguqula izixa ezikhulu zobunzima zibe amandla kwaye ngokuphambeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ubunzima bezinye iiathom bunokuguqulwa bube ngamandla ukuze busebenzise isixhobo senyukliya, okanye buguqulelwe kwezinye izinto ezifana nemfazwe, kukhuphe amandla amakhulu atshabalalisa yonke into ebangqongileyo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Amandla eRelativistic anxulunyaniswa ngokoqobo kubunzima bento. Ngokwenkcazo-bungcali yerelativity, ubunzima bento nabo buyanda njengoko busondela kwisantya sokukhanya. Ngoko ke, Okukhona ephakamile amandla e-relativistic ento, kokukhona bukhulu ubunzima bayo. Obu budlelwane phakathi kwamandla kunye nobunzima bubalulekile ekuqondeni i-subatomic particle physics kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla ngaphakathi kweenkwenkwezi kunye nezixhobo zenyukliya.
Amandla ahambelanayo nawo anepropathi ekhethekileyo engenakutshatyalaliswa okanye yenziwe, kodwa inokuguqulwa kuphela ukusuka kwimo enye ukuya kwenye. Oku kwaziwa njengomgaqo wolondolozo lwamandla. Kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yomzimba, amandla ewonke, leyo ibandakanya zombini amandla ahambelanayo kunye nezinye iindlela zamandla, zihlala zingatshintshi. Olu phawu lubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba zisebenza njani iintshukumo zenyukliya kunye nokulingana kwamandla kwindalo iphela.
Ngaphaya koko, olu hlobo lwamandla ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkcazo yeziganeko ezinje ngemitha ye-electromagnetic radiation kunye namaza omxhuzulane. Ezi ziganeko ngamaza amandla asasazeka ngexesha le-space-time, kwaye indlela yokuziphatha kunye neempawu zabo zinokucaciswa ngcono kusetyenziswa iingqiqo zamandla ahambelanayo.
Indlela amandla asebenza ngayo
Ubunzima kunye namandla zihlobene ngokusondeleyo, kunye nobudlelwane obulinganayo obuchazwe yingcali yefiziksi yaseJamani uAlbert Einstein kwithiyori yakhe yobudlelwane obukhethekileyo. Ngamanye amazwi, ubungakanani obuncinci bobunzima bulingana nomthamo omkhulu wamandla. Amandla eRelativistic akanasiphelo xa izinto zihamba ngesantya esikufutshane nesantya sokukhanya.
Ngoko ke, iba nkulu ngokungenasiphelo, kwaye akukho mandla anokuyikhawulezisa, ngoko ke isantya sokukhanya singumda womzimba ongenakoyiswa. Ukuba sikhumbula ukuba ubunzima buchazwa njengobudlelwane phakathi kwamandla kunye nokukhawuleza, siyaqonda ukuba ubunzima ngumlinganiselo wokuba into ikhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.
Nangona kunjalo, oku Akufanele nangayiphi na indlela isenze sicinge ukuba ukuba sihamba kufutshane nesantya sokukhanya, siya kubona ukwanda kobunzima. Akulunganga ukucinga ukuba bonke ubunzima bomzimba buguqulwa bube ngamandla okanye ngokuphambeneyo. Oko kukuthi, umthamo omkhulu wamandla unokuguqulwa ube bubunzima.
Mhlawumbi ngenxa yesi sizathu, ababhali abaninzi namhlanje babonisa ukuba kungcono ukungasebenzisi izichazi ze-relativity, kodwa izichazi zamandla apheleleyo kunye nobunzima obuqhubekayo, ukugxininisa ukuba ixabiso le-m0 liyafana kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo, kunye ne-E. (amandla)) iya kuxhomekeka kwindlela ekhethiweyo.
nayo, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba isantya kunye namandla bubukhulu bevektha. Ukuba sisebenzisa amandla kwinto ehamba kwicala elinye lokushukuma ngesantya esikufutshane nesantya sokukhanya, ubunzima buya kuba buhambelana. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sisebenzisa loo mandla ngokuhambelana nokunyakaza, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-Lorentz factor iya kuba yi-1, ekubeni isantya kuloo ndlela siya kuba zero. Emva koko siya kubona umgangatho ohluke kakhulu.
Kunokugqitywa ukuba ubunzima bunokutshintsha, kodwa kungekhona nje ngokuxhomekeke kwisantya, kodwa nakwisalathiso apho amandla asetyenziswa khona. Ke ngoko, oku kuqiqa kulawula ngokupheleleyo ukuba ubunzima berelativistic yimbono yokwenyani yomzimba.
igcinwa njani
Iathom nganye yingqukuva encinci ezele amandla, kwaye inokuguqula amandla abe ngamasuntswana okukhanya (okubizwa ngokuba ziifotoni) abe yimatha. Ngoko ke, iyasebenza kwaye isetyenziswa kakuhle, inika isisombululo esihle kwiimfuno zamandla omntu.
Ngokugcinwa, ukuguqulwa kwamandla enyukliya abe ngumbane kunokwenziwa ngenkqubo entsonkothileyo yokuqhekeka kunye nokudibanisa. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, u-Einstein uthathwa njengoyise wefiziksi yenyukliya.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga noluhlu lwamandla kunye neempawu zalo.