Kukho amashumi asibhozo anesibhozo ewonke amakroza amkelwe ngokusemthethweni yi-International Astronomical Union. Ezi ziqoqo zeenkwenkwezi ezenza iipateni ezincinci, ezichazwe kakuhle. Abaphathani, kwaye nganye inegama elithile. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye amakroza adumileyo ukuba wonke umntu uyazi ukuba kwenziwa njani kwaye kulula ukuzibona esibhakabhakeni ebusuku.
Kweli nqaku siza kukunika ezinye zeenkwenkwezi ezidumileyo, iimpawu zabo kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Imvelaphi yenkqubo yeenkwenkwezi edumileyo
Kumaxesha amandulo, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zavelisa amakroza angenankqubo ilungeleleneyo, ngoko ukutyhubela iminyaka, iitshati zenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi zaphela zingumbhodamo wokwenene, yaye iinkwenkwezi zisabelana ngamakroza angaphezu kwelinye. Zingaphezu kwekhulu, kodwa akukho myalelo wokuzihlela ngokweendidi.
Ngale ngqiqo, i-International Astronomical Union yabamba intlanganiso yayo yokuqala ngowe-1922 ukuze imisele ulungelelwano olubophelelayo lwamakroza. Ngelo xesha, uludwe lwamakroza lwancitshiswa lwaba ngamashumi asibhozo anesibhozo, kroza ngalinye linegama elicacileyo. Kodwa kwaphinda kwabizwa intlanganiso ngowe-1925 ukuze kumiselwe imida phakathi kwabo. Yile ndlela imephu yezulu edalwe ngayo njengoko sisazi ngoku, apho amaqoqo eenkwenkwezi angamashumi asibhozo anesibhozo avela kunye nemida echazwe kakuhle.
amakroza adumileyo
Bhele enkulu
I-Big Dipper yinqola eyaziwayo kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku. Liqela leenkwenkwezi ezisixhenxe eziqaqambileyo ezenza umzobo ofana ne-emele okanye inqwelo. kuxhomekeke kwindlela oyijonga ngayo.
Into enomdla kwi-Big Dipper kukuba ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana amanye amaqoqo eenkwenkwezi kunye nezinto zasezulwini. Ngokomzekelo, unokufumana iNkwenkwezi yePole, eyinkwenkwezi ephawula umntla wesibhakabhaka.
Enye inkalo yeli kroza kukuba likroza leenkwenkwezi, ngoko lisoloko libonakala esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ukusuka kwiindawo ezininzi ezikumntla wehemisphere. Oku kungenxa yokuba isondele ngokwaneleyo kwi-North Celestial Pole, kwaye intshukumo yayo ebonakalayo esibhakabhakeni icotha ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba ayikhe ithi shwaka ngokupheleleyo ngaphantsi komphezulu.
Bhele elincinci
I-Ursa Minor lelinye iqela leenkwenkwezi ekulula ukulibona esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku. NjengeBig Dipper, likroza leenkwenkwezi ezikuMntla weIkhweyitha yaye lisoloko libonakala kwiindawo ezininzi. I-Ursa Minor yenziwe ziinkwenkwezi ezisixhenxe. ukuba yiPolaris okanye iPolar Star eyona iqaqambileyo neyaziwayo kubo.
I-Polaris ifumaneka ekupheleni komsila kwaye yinkwenkwezi ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-astronomical navigation, ekubeni isoloko isendaweni enye esibhakabhakeni, iphawula izulu lasezulwini.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-Big Dipper, i-Little Dipper yindawo engabonakaliyo. Amakroza amabini abonakala edityaniswe sisiphatho esicingelwayo, kwaye kunye zenza i-"Celestial Cup" eyaziwayo esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Ngaphandle koko, I-Ursa Minor ibekwe phakathi kweqela leenkwenkwezi elikhulu elibizwa ngokuba yiDraco, Eli likroza lenamba elinabela esibhakabhakeni kufutshane nencam yezulu lasemntla.
ICassiopeia
Ikroza leCassiopeia kulula ukulibona esibhakabhakeni ebusuku kuba linemilo ethi "M" okanye "W". Inokufumaneka kufuphi neNcam yoMntla weSibhakabhaka, iyenza ibonakale kuMntla weIkhweyitha unyaka wonke.
Ilele phakathi kwamakroza ePerseus kunye neCepheus., kwaye ukumila kwayo kuyamangalisa. Eli kroza lenziwe ziinkwenkwezi ezintlanu eziqaqambileyo, ezimele uKumkanikazi uCassiopeia kunye netrone yakhe. Eyona nkwenkwezi iqaqambileyo eCassiopeia ibizwa ngokuba yiAlpha Cassiopeiae.
Enye yezinto ezibangela umdla ngeli kroza kukuba ukuma kwalo esibhakabhakeni kuyatshintsha ubusuku bonke nangamaxesha onyaka. Ehlotyeni, iCassiopeia ikwindawo ephezulu esibhakabhakeni, ngoxa ebusika inokubonwa kufutshane elundini phayaa. Ikwaziwa ngokuba likhaya kwenye yeyona nkwenkwezi incinci kwaye iqaqambileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yiCassiopeia A. Le nkwenkwezi yinkwenkwezi ye-neutron, eyona nto iwileyo yinkwenkwezi enkulu eyagqabhuka njenge supernova.
UCanas omkhulu
ICanis Major liqela leenkwenkwezi elinokufumaneka esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku kwihemisphere esemazantsi kwaye yaziwa njengelinye lawona makroza aqaqambileyo kwaye abonakala ngokulula esibhakabhakeni. Igama layo liguqulela ngokoqobo ngokuthi "inja enkulu" ngesiLatini, kwaye inkwenkwezi yayo eqaqambileyo nguSirius, leyo ikwayeyona nkwenkwezi iqaqambileyo esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Kwintsomi yamaGrike, uCanis Major umele umlindi womzingeli uOrion, okwalikroza elikufutshane.
Zonke iinkwenkwezi kunye zenza umzobo wenja. Enye yezinto ezinomdla kakhulu kukuba iqulethe iinebula ezininzi kunye neenkwenkwezi zeenkwenkwezi, ezingamaqela eenkwenkwezi ezifumaneka kwindawo enye yendawo. Elinye lawona maqela adumileyo eCanis Major liqela elivulekileyo iM41, elinokubonwa ngeeteleskopu ezincinci kunye neebinotyhulari.
umnqamlezo osemantla
I-Northern Cross yi-constellation efumaneka kwi-hemisphere engasentla kwaye ibonakala ngokulula ngokuma kwayo okunqamlezayo. Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi "Little Cross" ukuyohlula kwi-Southern Cross.
Iqulunqwe ziinkwenkwezi ezine eziqaqambileyo, ezenza umnqamlezo. Eyona nkwenkwezi iqaqambileyo emnqamlezweni yiPolaris, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiNkwenkwezi eseMntla, kwaye ifumaneka ekupheleni komnqamlezo. Ukongeza kwimilo yomnqamlezo, inokwahlulwa nangokuma kwayo esibhakabhakeni. Ikroza linokufunyanwa kufutshane nekroza leUrsa Major kwaye libonakala unyaka wonke kuMntla weIkhweyitha.
Olunye lweempawu ezimangalisayo zoMnqamlezo waseMantla kukubaluleka kwenkcubeko kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwezinye iinkcubeko zemveli zaseMntla Melika, I-Polaris ibonwa njengenkwenkwezi ebalulekileyo kwi-cosmology yabo kwaye isetyenziselwa izithethe kunye nemikhosi.
Ekugqibeleni, phakathi kwamakroza adumileyo sikwanazo zonke iinkwenkwezi zeenkwenkwezi ezifana Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius kunye neePisces.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neenkwenkwezi ezidumileyo kunye neempawu zazo.