Siyazi ukuba kukho iindidi ngeendidi zamafu kuxhomekeka kubume kunye nokumila kwawo. Enye yazo yile amafu anoctilucent. Amafu aqhelekileyo enziwe ngeekristale ezixutywe nothuli olusemoyeni. Amafu akwi-Noctilucent abumba kwincam yesibhakabhaka esibizwa ngokuba yi-mesosphere.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga namafu e-noctilucent kunye neempawu zawo.
Yintoni amafu anoctilucent
Xa imeteor ibetha emoyeni, ishiya uthuli lweekhilomitha ezili-100 ukusuka eMhlabeni, apho uxinzelelo lomoya lungekho. Umphunga wamanzi unamathela kuthuli olushiywe yimeteorite. Umbala oluhlaza-bumhlophe ogqabhukileyo wamafu amnyama wenziwa ziikristale ezincinci ezithi zibekho xa umphunga wamanzi angumkhenkce unamathela kuthuli lwemeteor.
Ngawona mafu aphakamileyo esiwaziyo kwaye enza kwi-mesosphere, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-80 ukuphakama (iikhilomitha ezingama-70 ngaphezu kwamafu e-cirrus awaziwayo). Ekuphela kwento yeatmospheric ebonakala ngaphezu kwamafu asebusuku ziZibane zaseMntla.
Inenkangeleko enomtsalane, inamaza esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku eqokelelana abe yimisonto eluthuthu okanye imicu yombane eqaqambileyo ebonakala ngathi ivela kwenye iplanethi, i-aliens. Akunjalo kakhulu, njengoko zenziwe ngeekristale ezincinci zeqhwa okanye iqhwa lamanzi.
Indlela amafu amnyama ngayo
Olunye uhlolisiso luye lwafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba inxalenye yeli lifu isenokuba yenziwa yingqele yamanzi akhutshelwa emoyeni sisiphekepheke. Kodwa kwakhona kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba ubuncinane isi-3 ekhulwini seekristale zomkhenkce ezizibumbayo ziintsalela zeemeteorite (ekubizwa ngokuba yi "meteorite smoke").
Bakwangamafu “aneentloni kakhulu” kwaye abonakala ngenene kuphela ekutshoneni kwelanga nakwizide eziphakamileyo (phakathi kwama-50 nama-70º) nasehlotyeni. Kucingelwa ukuba "ngejometri" zimtyibilizi kakhulu, kwindawo echanekileyo (ephakamileyo), umntu unokujonga kwindawo kwintshona kwimizuzu engama-30 ukuya kuma-60 emva kokutshona kwelanga, xa ilanga lifihliwe phakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-16º ngaphezulu komkhathi, indawo ilungele ukuba la mafu afumaneke.
Nangona ngokubhekiselele kuphononongo, akukho mathandabuzo okuba iSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe sineengenelo ezininzi kwaye sihlala sisinika iifoto ezintle. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe kwiimpawu zabo ukuba zizimeleyo, kuba azibonakali zihambelana naluphi na uhlobo lwemozulu.
Ngelixa kukho urhano olukhulayo lokuba zisenokuba zizalathisi ezilungileyo (izibane ezilumkisayo) kwimiba ethile yokutshintsha kwemozulu, zibonakala rhoqo kwiindawo ezisezantsi.
Kukholelwa ukuba emva kwe-methane, igesi enkulu yegreenhouse, iphakama kwi-atmosphere kwaye iqhube uchungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-oxidation reactions, ijika ibe ngumphunga wamanzi, okuya kubangela ukwanda kwenani lamafu anjalo kunye nokusasazeka kwawo okunokwenzeka kwiindawo eziphezulu. Ke ilifu lethu lasebusuku lingaphezulu okanye lingaphantsi kwecanary ethwalwa ngabembi-mgodi abadala ukubona ukuvuza kwegesi.
Ngapha koko, i-NASA's AIM (Aerology of Middle Ice) mission ijongene nokufunda olu hlobo lwamafu. Kule ndawo, sinako ukufikelela "kumfanekiso okhokelwayo" eqikelela ukubonakala kunye nendawo yala mafu.
amafu kwi-mars
Omnye umdla malunga nala mafu kukuba "bazala" kwi-Mars, apho amafu amnyama enziwe ngeekristale zekharbon diokside afunyanwa ngo-2006 kwaye anokuba "yinto engaqhelekanga" kunee Earthlings ezabelana nazo ngesakhiwo.
Andifuni kuligqiba eli nqaku ndingakhange ndithethe ngezinto ezingaqhelekanga eziye zafunyanwa ngamafu anjalo, njengabo bonke yintoni enxulumene nabo, engaqhelekanga ubuncinci. IKrakatoa yaqhambuka ngoAgasti 27, 1883.
Yayibulala (abantu abangama-36.000 baphulukana nobomi babo), kodwa umdla kakhulu ngokwembono yemozulu, ekubeni isixa esikhulu sothuthu esitofelwe emoyeni satshintsha iipatheni zemozulu iminyaka eliqela, kuquka. ukuhla kweqondo lobushushu leplanethi ye-1,2º, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukutshona kwelanga kwesi sijikelezi-langa kube nombala obomvu onzulu.
Ngoko eyona nto yayixhaphakile ngelo xesha yayikukucamngca ngokutshona kwelanga kumangalisayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngo-1885, i-TW Backhouse yayinomdla ngakumbi kwaye igxininisekile kunabanye, iqhubela phambili kude kube sebusuku, xa ngobusuku obunye wayekwazi ukubona i-filaments yombane eluhlaza.
Izinto eziyimfuneko kuqeqesho lwakho
Amafu ePolar mesospheric afuna izinto ezimbini: amasuntswana owomileyo kunye nokufuma. Nangona umphunga wamanzi uphantse ungabikho kwi-mesosphere, akunakwenzeka, njengoko ubukho bawo obunemibala bubonisa. Kulo mphakamo, umoya uqikelelwa ukuba ukoma ngokuphindwe kayi-100.000 kunowase-Sahara, ngamaqondo obushushu angama-140 ngaphantsi kwe-zero.
Yintoni eyenzekayo kukuba umphunga wamanzi onqabileyo kakhulu unamathela kumasuntswana e-hygroscopic, ukwenza iikristale zomkhenkce ezincinci athi ahlangane enze la mafu. Esi siganeko senzeka kuphela malunga ne-equinox yasehlotyeni kuzo zombini iihemispheres.
Emantla, iya kuba ekupheleni kukaMeyi, ngoJuni noJulayi, kwaye emazantsi, ekupheleni kukaNovemba, ngoDisemba ukuya kuJanuwari. Yaye unokuzibona emva kokutshona kwelanga, kuba ziphakame kangangokuba ziseza kufumana ukukhanya kwelanga. Nangona uMhlaba umnyama ngokupheleleyo, kwi-80-85 km ilanga lisabachukumisa.
Amazwe apho inokubonwa khona
I-Latitude, umgama phakathi kwe-parallels kunye ne-equator, idlala indima ebalulekileyo apha. Okukhona usondela ezipalini, kokukhona ubona. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kukujikeleza komoya kunye nokuqokelelana komoya obandayo kulo maleko womoya. La mafu adla ngokubonwa ukusuka kumaqondo angama-50 kwisibanzi somntla. Koko kukuthi, ukusuka eParis okanye eLondon ukuya phezulu nokuwela iAtlantiki, phezulu kakhulu kuneNew York.
Kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi, inokubonwa kuphela kumazantsi eArgentina, emazantsi eChile naseNew Zealand. Kodwa izazi ngemozulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba ubukho bala mafu buye banda kwiindawo ezisezantsi kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga namafu asebusuku kunye neempawu zawo.