Ngexesha lokwandiswa kolwandle, ezinye izinto ezenziwa ngaphantsi kwamanzi zenziwa. Njengoko sibonile kwesinye isithuba malunga neelwandle, ziintaba eziphantsi kwamanzi. Kule meko siza kuthetha ngayo abafana. Ezi ndlela zokwakheka komhlaba zichazwe ngombulelo kwithiyori yokwanda kolwandle.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-guyots kwaye yintoni inkqubo ye-geological eyenziwe ngayo?
Inkcazo yamajoni
Ngaphantsi kolwandle kukho iindlela ezininzi zejoloji ezenziweyo kule minyaka idlulileyo. Kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ezi zakhiwo ixesha labo zejoloji. Oko kukuthi, akonelanga ukuba kudlule amashumi eminyaka okanye inkulungwane, kodwa izigidi zeminyaka. Xa oososayensi baqala ukuphanda ulwandle, babona ezinye izinto ezinomdla. Imalunga namajoni. Zizo iindawo zokuhamba ezinophahla oluthe tyaba. Olu lwakhiwo lungaqhelekanga lubonakala kuwo wonke umgangatho wolwandle.
Izazinzulu bezizama ukucacisa ukwenziwa kwe-guyots kunye nophahla lwayo olucaba. Baye bafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba, kule minyaka idlulileyo, amandla omsinga wolwandle ebewenza lula. Embindini weelwandle neelwandle kukho ukhukuliseko. Ayilulo udidi lwokhukuliseko komhlaba olunokubakho kumphezulu womhlaba, imilambo kunye namachibi, kodwa isebenza ngokuhamba kwexesha.
I-Guyots inemvelaphi ye-volcanic kwaye ibonwe kubunzulu obufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-4000.
UHarry hammond hess
Ingcaciso etyhila ukwenziwa kwala manzi yanikwa sisazinzulu uHarry Hammond Hess. Esi sazinzulu saziwa njengenye ye ooyise abasungula ithiyori yetectonics. Ithiyori iyonke yokwandiswa komgangatho wolwandle kungenxa yale nzululwazi. Wazalwa ngo-Meyi ka-1906 kwaye wakwazi ukucacisa ubudlelwane obuphakathi kweengqameko zesiqithi, ukungalingani komxhuzulane wolwandle, kunye ne-serpentine peridotite, kunye nesiphakamiso sokuba ukuhanjiswa kwengubo yomhlaba kwakuyinto eqhubela phambili le nkqubo.
Ngama-XNUMXs wayesele efumene uninzi lweerekhodi kulwandle. Ngenxa yezinto ezininzi zokufunda, wakwazi ukutyhila ngokulandelelana kweepateni ezibonakalayo ezinokuthi zifaniswe nemivimbo yeqwarhashe. Yayilulungelelaniso lwamatye njengomsebenzi womhlaba womazibuthe. Njengokuba lo mmandla wemagneti utshintsha, wakwazi ukubona indlela amatye alungelelaniswe ngayo ngokwahlukileyo kwelinye lelinye ibhendi. Oku kwamkhokelela ekubeni acinge ukuba ulwandle luyanda.
Ngombulelo kwezi mpumelelo zikaHess, ithiyori yetectonics yeplate inokwakhiwa kamva ngo-1968.
Yenziwa njani?
U-Hess wanika ingcaciso ngokusekwa kwamadoda. Ubukho bayo bubangelwa ngumsebenzi weentaba-mlilo eziselunxwemeni lolwandle. Xa intaba-mlilo isebenza okwexeshana, ishiya izinto ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba zenze i-guyot.
Umgangatho wolwandle uyanda kwaye ushiya olu lwakhiwo njengoko intaba-mlilo isasebenza kwaye isuka kwi-axis yomqolo. Xa i-volcano isuka kude nommango, umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo uyaphela kwaye uyaphola. Inhlama iyaqina kwaye iyatshona. I-guyot iyazika kunye nezinye izinto, kodwa iya kwiindawo apho isenzo samaza kunye nemisinga yaselwandle isonakalisa ingqungquthela kwaye ishiye iqonga licabalele. IpheZingafikelela kwi-4000 yeemitha ubunzulu.
I-Guyots hypothesis
I-hypothesis yokwakheka kwamagogo inokuqinisekiswa. Kungenxa yokuba iintsalela zezinto eziphilayo zezilwanyana eziphilayo ezihlala ezinzulwini zafunyanwa. Zifunyenwe AmaGuyots kwi-Afar Triangle, eziphantsi kolwandle, ngaxa lithile ziye zatshona.
Njengoko inqanaba lokonyuka kweqweqwe kwiincam aluhlali, kukho umahluko obalulekileyo. Kukho amajoni anobude obahlukeneyo kunye nenqwelomoya yawo ye-axis yokujikeleza. Iikona zamajoni zikhula kancinci kunabanye.
Ukwahluka kwezi zakhiwo kunokufunyanwa kwelinye icala lomqolo. Umzekelo, ipleyiti yase-Afrika ikhula nge-1,3 cm ngonyaka, ngelixa i-North American ingu-0,8 cm kuphela. Oku kubangela ukuba amajoni enza amacwecwe ahlukeneyo ukuba athathe izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Into abanayo ngokufanayo luphahla olucwecwe sisenzo esikhukulisayo solwandle.
Ukuba uphahla lwentaba-mlilo luhlala ithuba elide kunye nokusebenza kwamaza, kuya kuba ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunokuba lixesha elincinci. Eli xesha lixhomekeke kwisantya apho ipleyiti yelizwekazi ihambisa khona apho i-guyot yenziwa khona. Kunokuthiwa azisebenzi, ziqhushumbe kwaye zadala intaba-mlilo ezisaleleyo njengezinto nje "ezisisikhumbuzo" zolwandle. Ukongeza, zibonelela ngolwazi olukhulu malunga nobudala bamatye kunye nokwakheka nolwakhiwo lolwandle kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.
UGuyot Yantarnaya
Indoda yaseYantarnaya yaziwa ngegama lika-guyot Amber kwinguqulelo yesiNgesi. Sesinye sezona zikhulu zolwandle. Ime kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki kwaye yeyaloluhlu lwangaphantsi kolwandle iSala y Gómez. Indawo ekuyo malunga ne-150 km entshona yeZasosov Seamount.
Ukufunyanwa kwayo kwafezekiswa ngezinye izinto zejoloji ezenzayo Uncedo lweentaba zeSala y Gómez. Yafunyanwa ngophando lokuloba kunye nolwandle lwaseSoviet Union. Eli qela lezenzululwazi lenze utyelelo oluninzi kwindawo ethile de inqanawa ye-18 yenqanawa yesayensi uNjingalwazi Shtokman yafumanisa i-guyot Yantarnaya phakathi kwenyanga kaMatshi noJuni ka-1987.
Singadibana ne-Anakena Seamount. Kubalasele ukukhululeka kolwandlekazi lwePasifiki, olubonakala ngaphakathi kuLwandle lweNtaba iAnakena, kummandla weMpuma wePacific Ridge, kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi "Rano Rahi Seamount Field".
Njengokuba kukho iintaba ezidumileyo kuncedo lomhlaba, kukwakho nakwibala laselwandle. Ngolu lwazi uya kuba nakho ukwazi ngcono yonke into enxulumene namajoni kunye noqeqesho lwabo.