Amagqabantshintshi acinezelwe ngumkhenkce owenzeka ngaphezulu kwamawaka eminyaka. Ukuwa okuqhubekayo kwekhephu kunye namaqondo obushushu asezantsi angaphantsi kwe-0 degrees ngendlela eqhubekayo kubangela ukuba ikhephu likwazi ukuqokelelana kwindawo enye elibangela ukuba liguquke libe ngumkhenkce. Umkhenkce zezona zinto zinkulu kwiplanethi yethu kwaye nangona zibonakala zilungisiwe, ziyahamba. Banokuhamba kancinci kancinci njengemilambo kwaye badlule phakathi kweentaba zenza i-crevasses kunye nokukhululeka komkhenkce. Banokwenza amatye kunye namachibi.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga neqhwa, imvelaphi yazo kunye neempawu zazo.
Yintoni umkhenkce
Umkhenkce uthathwa njengentsalela yokugqibela Imiyaka yomkence. Ngeli xesha, amaqondo obushushu asezantsi anyanzela umkhenkce ukuba ubheke kwiindawo ezisezantsi apho imozulu ngoku ifudumele khona. Okwangoku, sinokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomkhenkce kwiintaba zawo onke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Australia kunye nezinye iziqithi zolwandle. Phakathi kobubanzi obungama-35 ° kumantla kunye nama-35 ° emazantsi eqhwa anokubonwa kuphela Iintaba ezinamatye, kwiiAndes, kwiiHimalaya, eNew Guinea, eMexico, eMpuma Afrika nakwiNtaba iZard Kuh (Iran).
Balixabiso lomphezulu ahlala kuwo loo glaciers phantse I-10% yomhlaba wonke womhlaba. Zihlala zivela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zeentaba kuba iimeko zokusingqongileyo zilungile kuyo. Oko kukuthi, kukho amaqondo obushushu asezantsi kunye nemvula ephezulu. Siyazi ukuba kukho uhlobo lwemvula olwaziwayo njengegama lemvula yeentaba, eyenzeka xa umoya uphakama phezulu kwaye uphele kukujija kwaye imvula iwela encotsheni yeentaba. Ukuba amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-0 ngokuqhubekekayo, le mvula inokuba ikwimo yekhephu kwaye ziya kugcina ngokufaka de zenze umkhenkce.
Imikhenkce yomkhenkce evela kwintaba ephakamileyo nakwimimandla esemagqagaleni inikwa amagama ahlukeneyo. Ezo zibonakala kwiintaba eziphakamileyo zibizwa ngokuba zii-alpine glaciers ngelixa Umkhenkce kwiipali waziwa ngokuba yimikhenkce. Ngexesha elifudumeleyo lonyaka, abanye bakhupha amanzi anyibilikayo ngenxa yokunyibilika, esenza imizimba ebalulekileyo yamanzi kwizilwanyana nezityalo. Ukongeza, iluncedo kakhulu ebantwini kuba la manzi asetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwabantu. Lelona chibi likhulu lamanzi acocekileyo kwiplanethi yethu, eliqulathe ukuya kwiikota ezintathu zalo.
Uqeqesho
Makhe sibone ukuba ngawaphi amanyathelo aphambili awenzekayo ekwakhiweni komkhenkce. Iqukethe isigxina sekhephu kwindawo enye unyaka wonke. Ukuba indawo inamaqondo ashushu ashushu rhoqo ikhephu ligcinwa kude kube ngumkhenkce. Emoyeni, zonke iimolekyuli zomphunga wamanzi zinamathela kumasuntswana othuli kwaye zenza izakhiwo zekristale. Kulapho ezinye iimolekyuli zomphunga wamanzi zinamathela kwiikristali ezenziweyo kunye neekhephu zekhephu esiqhele ukuzibona.
Amakhekheba ekhephu awela kwelona ziko liphezulu leentaba kwaye agcinwa ethubeni emva kokuwa kwekhephu ngokuqhubekayo. Xa ikhephu lanele ngokwaneleyo, izakhiwo zomkhenkce ziqala ukwakheka. Unyaka nonyaka ubunzima bamaleko amatsha ekhephu aqokelelanayo acinezela ukwakheka komkhenkce ngakumbi kwaye abangela ukuba ikhephu liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde oko umoya phakathi kweekristali uyancipha. Ngalo lonke ixesha iikristali zikhula kwaye ikhephu elipakishwe landisa uxinano lwalo. Amanqaku athile anikezela kuxinzelelo lomkhenkce kwaye aqala ukutyibilika kwaye Benza uhlobo lomlambo oluthi ekugqibeleni komntu ngamnye lube yimilo efana no-U.
Ukudlula komkhenkce kwi-ecosystem kuvelisa isiqabu esaziwa njengoncedo lomkhenkce. Ikwaziwa ngokuba ngumzekelo womkhenkce. Umkhenkce uqala ukufikelela kumgca wokulingana apho ngaphezulu komgca ufumana ubunzima obungaphezulu kokulahleka kodwa ngaphantsi ulahlekelwe kunokuba uphumelele. Le nkqubo ihlala ithatha ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100 ukuba yenzeke.
Icandelo lomkhenkce
Umkhenkce wenziwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo.
- Indawo yokuqokelela. Yeyona ndawo iphakamileyo apho ikhephu liwela khona kwaye liqokelelene.
- Indawo yokurhoxisa. Kule ndawo, iinkqubo zokudityaniswa kunye nomphunga zenzeka. Yilapho i-glacier ifinyelela khona ukulinganisela phakathi kokunyuka kunye nokulahleka kobunzima.
- Iintanda. Yeyona mimandla apho umkhenkce ugeleza ngokukhawuleza.
- Moraines. Ezi ziibhanti ezimnyama ezenziwa zizidalwa ezakha emaphethelweni nakumphezulu. Amatye atsalwa ngumkhenkce ayagcinwa aze abunjwe kwezi ndawo.
- Indawo yokukhwelela. Sisiphelo esisezantsi somkhenkce apho ikhephu eliqokelelweyo liyanyibilika.
Iindidi zomkhenkce ezikhoyo
I-glacier inokuhlelwa ngeendlela ezininzi nangona ixhomekeke kwimodeli yayo nakwindlela eyakhiwe ngayo. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo:
- Umkhenkce weAlpine: Ikwaziwa njengegama lentaba yomkhenkce wentaba kwaye zezo ziveliswa kwiintaba eziphakamileyo ngokuqokelela kwekhephu.
- Iiskisi zeGlacier: sisisitya esimile okwecrescent apho amanzi aqokelelana khona kancinci kancinci.
- Amachibi eGlacial: ziidipozithi zamanzi ezivela kwindawo yokudakumba kwentlambo kwaye kukho amaxesha apho kukho umkhenkce kunye nezinye xa kungenjalo.
- Intili yeGlacier: esi siphumo sokushukuma kolwimi lwe-glacial. Ihlala inentili emile okwe-U kwaye ivelise amatye amade.
- eIndiya: Ngumhlwankce omkhulu womkhenkce ogubungela wonke umhlaba kwaye uphela usiya kuhambo lwaselwandle.
- Iidrum: Ziziduli ezenziwa zizinto ezakhiwe ngodongwe ezirhuqwe ngumkhenkce xa zihamba.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolwazi olunje ungafunda ngakumbi ngeqhwa kunye neempawu zalo.