Emva kokuhlalutya amakhulu amawaka eerekhodi, kuye kwagqitywa kwelokuba Izikhukula eYurophu zenzeka kwiinyanga ezi-2 ngaphambili kuneminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo. I-Northeast Yurophu kunye neAtlantiki zichaphazeleka koku. Kwaye ngokwahlukileyo, iindawo zoLwandle lwaseMantla kunye neendawo ezinkulu zoMkhukula woLwandle lweMeditera zenzeka kwinyanga enesiqingatha kamva. Nangona oku kungafani "kuyinto eqhelekileyo" ngenxa yohlobo lwezizathu ezikhawulezayo kwingingqi nganye, Imozulu idlala indima enkulu. Uphononongo lubandakanye oososayensi abangama-50 abafunde iirekhodi eziphantse zibe zii-4.262 zezikhululo zehydrometric.
Elinye lawona manqaku aphambili athe ahlalutywa kukuhamba kwamanzi omlambo. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo elona nqanaba liphezulu bafikelele kulo, kwaye baqala ngonyaka we-1960. Umkhukula wonyaka uye waqwalaselwa emilanjeni ukusukela ngoko. Itotali ye- Iirekhodi ezingama-200.000 zarekhodwa kwimephu, Ukwenza ukungangqinelani okukhulu kwale minyaka ingama-50 idlulileyo kubonakale kwaye kubonakale.
Izigqibo eziye zafunyanwa kuphando
UNjingalwazi Gunter Blöschl, umbhali ophambili wesifundo, osuka kwiYunivesithi yaseVienna yeTekhnoloji, e-Austria, uqinisekisa ngala mazwi: "Iziphumo zizonke kukuba, ngokwenene, ukutshintsha kwemozulu kulichaphazele ixesha lezikhukula, kodwa kuyenzile ngokwahlukileyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseYurophu."
Phakathi kweenguqu ezicace gca, kunokuqatshelwa ukuba phakathi kwemimandla ebanda yelizwekazi, njengasemantla nasempuma, ukukhukula kwemilambo kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni kunyibilika ikhephu. Emazantsi, umzekelo, ukuhamba kuhamba kukhule ngakumbi ebusika, kulapho imvula inetha kakhulu. Ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu kubangele ukuba i-thaw yenzeke ngaphambili. Ke ukunyuka kokuhamba kumantla mpuma aseYurophu kude kufike ngoku. Umda ngamnye, ngokuxhomekeke kwimigxobhozo, ukuba ayithambeka eAtlantic, kunye neminye izinto ezahlukeneyo, zibangele ukuba ziguqulwe ngokukodwa kwaye ngendlela eyodwa kwisithili ngasinye.
Olona tshintsho lukhulu lurekhodiweyo
Ziye zafunyanwa eNtshona Yurophu, kunxweme laseNyakatho yeAtlantic. Ukusuka ePortugal ukuya eNgilani, ngaphezulu kwe I-50% yezikhululo zibonise kwangaphambili ubuncinci beentsuku ezili-15 kwizikhukula. Kwezi, iipesenti ezingama-36 zibonise utshintsho olungaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-36, kule minyaka ingama-50 kuhlalutywe.
Ubungqina obungenakuphikiswa obungatshintshi imozulu kuphela, kodwa buchaphazela nenkqubo yendalo ngokwayo, exhomekeke ngqo kwimozulu. Ngale nto, imimandla yezolimo kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla nako kuyachaphazeleka.
Ilahleko zoqoqosho ngenxa yokungalingani kokuhamba kwamanzi nezikhukula
Ababhali bophando bathi kwezinye iindawo sele zenzekile iinguqu ezinkulu ezichaphazela amacandelo axhomekeke kuwo. Kumhlaba jikelele kuqikelelwa ukuba inani lelahleko kumacandelo ezolimo nawokwenza umbane isixa esiyi- $ 104.000 yezigidigidi ngonyaka. Eyona nto ichaphazela uninzi lwabantu kwihlabathi liphela zizikhukula. Ngenxa yokukhula koqoqosho kunye notshintsho lwemozulu, ilahleko kulindeleke ukuba ziqhubeke ukwanda ukuya phambili.
Impembelelo yezendalo kunye nezoqoqosho yezikhukula iya kuthetha ukuba, kuluntu nakwizinto eziphilayo esele zilungisiwe ukuba zenzeke ngexesha elithile, zenza njalo kwenye. Yintoni enokuza kungekudala okanye kamva inokunciphisa imveliso yezolimo ngokuchaphazela izityalo ezithile. Banokuchaphazela ubuncinci bamanzi afumanekayo kulimo lonkcenkceshelo kunye nokonakalisa umhlaba. Olu tshintsho lunokutshintsha ukuveliswa kwamandla e-hydraulic okanye unikezelo lwamanzi okusela kubemi bengingqi.
Ukwanda ngokubanzi kwamaqondo obushushu kubangela ukuba imozulu njengoko yayisaziwa njalo, kancinci kancinci kufuneka iphinde ihlaziywe. Izinto zendalo azisenzeki kula maxesha bezikade zisenzeka kuwo, kwaye iintlekele zendalo ziya zixhaphake kwaye zigqithile.