IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zilumkisa ngelithi amanqanaba ongcoliseko kwihlabathi jikelele sele efikelele kwinqanaba elingazinzanga. Iingcali zithi ziyibeka emngciphekweni impilo yabantu. Ineziphumo, kwaye inokufumaneka ngezinye iindlela, kokubini emoyeni nakwiilwandlekazi, emhlabeni, ukutya, kwaye phantse kuyo yonke indawo emhlabeni. Ukongeza, umfuziselo opapashwe nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi kulo nyaka uphelileyo, uveza indlela Ama-92% abemi behlabathi bahlala kwiindawo apho, amazinga ongcoliseko, igqithe amanqanaba aphezulu avunyelweyo.
"Njengobuntu, sonakalisa iplanethi ngendlela engamkelekanga kwaphela". La ngamazwi ka-Ibrahim Thiaw, uSekela Mlawuli we-UN kwezeNdalo. Ucacise nokuba amahlwempu ngawona asemngciphekweni kwezi ziphumo, kwaye oku ikwangubutyebi babo. Kwangelo xesha, wabonisa ukuba ayisiyombambano yaseburhulumenteni kuphela, kodwa apha okuthethwa ngumntu wonke, imibutho, amacandelo abucala kunye nomntu ngamnye.
Amanyathelo kunye nemizekelo ecetyiswe nguThiaw
Olunye lwazo ziilwandlekazi. Yayingomnye wemicimbi eyathi yaqwalaselwa kwinkomfa ye-UN kulo Juni uphelileyo. Oku kuye kwaphelela ekuzibopheleleni koluntu lwamanye amazwe ekulondolozeni nasekulawuleni ngokuzinzileyo onke amanzi olwandle. Ukongeza, izifundo zamva nje, bafunda ifuthe lokufakwa kweplastiki yiplankton elwandle kunye nendlela oluchaphazela ngayo lonke ukhenketho lwetropiki. Kwiminyaka emibini enesiqingatha eyadlulayo, ukungeniswa kwee-microparticles zeplastiki kwafota okokuqala ngqa, eyona ndawo iyingozi kakhulu kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuyisusa.
UThiaw wayekujonga njengeyona njongo ibalulekileyo ukuba abantu bayeke ukulahla inkunkuma elwandle. Ikwaqala ukunqanda ukuxhaphaza kakhulu, ukuloba kunye nezimbiwa. Kukho ulindelo oluya kuthathwa oluya kutyhilwa kwiNdibano yesiThathu yokusiNgqongileyo yiZizwe eziManyeneyo eziya kubanjwa ukusuka nge-4 ukuya ku-6 kuDisemba eNairobi, ikomkhulu laseKenya.
Iimpembelelo ezinobungozi zongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo ekukhulelweni
Ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo luchaphazela ngqo ukukhulelwaNantsi indlela isifundo esenziwe liZiko leBarcelona lezeMpilo kwiHlabathi liphela (ISGlobal). Ungcoliseko oluveliswa zizithuthi luchaphazela ngokulinganayo indlela ezixinene ngayo izixeko ngokubhekisele kuzo. Ukuvezwa kokusingqongileyo kwi-nitrogen dioxide (NO2) ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kunye emva kwale kwiminyaka yokuqala, ineziganeko eziphezulu kumandla okuqwalaselwa kwabantwana abayinciphisayo.
Kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kongcoliseko kunye namandla okuqonda. Okukhona ungcoliseko lusezantsi, ukusebenza kokuqonda kusengaphantsi, kwaye kungenjalo.
I-1.300 yabantwana abavela eValencia, Sabadell, Asturias naseGuipúzcoa bathathe inxaxheba kolu phando. Kuzo zonke, amanqanaba e-NO2 avavanyiwe ukusuka ngaphambi kokuzalwa ukuya kwi-4-5 yeminyaka ubudala, ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokulandela. Uvavanyo lokusebenza olwalusetyenzisiwe yayiluvavanyo lwe-Kiddie-Coners.
Ungcoliseko lomoya luchaphazela njani iHormone zoxinzelelo
Ungcoliseko, ukongeza kwintsebenzo, inxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo. Ngeli xesha, isifundo esenziwe ngoogqirha baseYunivesithi yaseFudan, eShanghai, China. Uxinzelelo, ukongeza kwiziphumo zengqondo, luneziphumo ezinokuthi, njengokuxhalaba, zenzeke emzimbeni. Yinto eyingozi kakhulu, kwaye kwiimeko zoxinzelelo olungapheliyo, umonakalo uhlala umkhulu. Ngokolu phando, bafumanisa ukuba ichaphazela inqanaba leswekile yegazi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
Shanghai
Ukuqukumbela ukuba ukuphefumla umoya ongcolileyo kunyusa iihormones zoxinzelelo, abaphandi bafundisisa umba womba (PM 2.5). Amasuntswana amancinci asemoyeni ngenxa yongcoliseko, kwaye lonto zilinganisa ngaphantsi kwe-2mm, zilula kakhulu ukuphefumla.
Bakhethe phakathi kwabafundi abavela eShanghai nakwezinye izixeko ezingangcolisekanga, zonke zisempilweni. Zabekwa kumagumbi, kwaye zonke zinezihluzi zomoya. Kodwa ngomahluko, ezinye izihluzi zisebenzile kwaye ezinye azisebenzi. Emva kweentsuku ezili-9 batshintshile, apho bekukho iifilitha ezilungileyo, babeka ezimbi, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, balinganise ukwenziwa kweemolekyuli ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kumchamo nakwigazi.
Isiphelo esivela kwisifundo kukuba xa sifumana umoya ongcolileyo sifumana ngakumbi iihormones zoxinzelelo, ezinje ngecortisol, cortisone, epinephrine, kunye norapinephrine. Ngokufanayo, yonyusa amanqanaba eswekile, iiamino acid, iiasidi ezinamanqatha kunye neelipids ezikhoyo egazini. Ukongeza, uxinzelelo lwegazi lonyuke ngokungcoliseka.
Konke oku kukhokelele kubaphandi baqinisekisa ukuba konke oku kukhokelela kukhokelela kwizifo, ezinjengesifo sentliziyo kunye neswekile.