Xa sithetha ngobunzulu besihogo kwiplanethi yethu sithetha ngeyona ndawo ikufutshane neziko lomhlaba. Kule meko, nangona ayisiyiyo eyona ndawo ikufutshane, yeyona ndawo inzulu ibhalwe malunga ne-11.000 yeemitha ubunzulu. Sithetha nge Umsele kaMariana. Umntu ukwazile ukufikelela phantse esiphelweni sale mangcwaba, kodwa khange afike ngokupheleleyo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into odinga ukuyazi malunga noMsele waseMariana kunye neminqweno yayo.
Indawo esihogweni
Kuwo wonke umhlaba wethu zininzi izinto ezisasazekileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, uMsele waseMariana uyeyona ndawo inzulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Apha sinoxinzelelo kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-atmospheres ezili-1000, ngama-4 kuphela amaqondo obushushu kunye nobumnyama obupheleleyo. Ukuba nzulu kakhulu, ukukhanya kwelanga akufiki apha. Kubonakala ngathi sisihogo esothusayo esinokucinga ngaso kwaye sibizwa njengeziko leplanethi okanye isihogo. Nangona kusembindini weplanethi, singabufumana ubomi. Inobume bentsika kwaye ifunyanwa empuma yeeMariana Islands kwiiPhilippines.
Indawo enzulu emhlabeni ifunyenwe kulo mngxuma, nangona ingeyoyona ikufutshane kwiziko layo ngenxa yesitenxo se-geoid yethu. Inobunzulu obungaphezulu kwe-11.000 yeemitha ngaphantsi komphezulu womhlaba. Ukuba sibeka iMount Everest ngaphakathi kuyo, kungathatha ezinye iimitha ukusondela kumphezulu. Kule bhedi umntu wenze uphando oluninzi. Eyokuqala kuzo yayingo-1960. Apha u-Aguste Piccard odumileyo, kunye no-Don Walsh bafikelela kubunzulu beemitha ezili-10.911. Emva kwexesha, ngo-2012, umenzi wefilimu uJames Cameron wakwazi ukuhla waya kwiimitha ezili-10.908. Ingxelo ebekwe nguVictor Vescovo, efikelela kubunzulu beemitha ezili-10.928. Imbonakalo yale ndoda yayidanisile. Kwaye wakwazi ukubona iintsalela zongcoliseko lomntu nkqu kwezona ndawo zinzulu zolwandle.
Kulo mngxuma kukho isixa esikhulu songcoliseko lweplastiki, kwaye nangona ingoyena ndawo inzulu emhlabeni, iyindawo ebharhileyo kwaye iphantse yecala, Ungcoliseko lukhoyo apha.
Yintoni ehlala kumsele waseMariana
Uhambo oluya emazantsi omsele waseMariana lufana nohambo lokuba wedwa kakhulu. Nangona sikhululekile kubukho bomntu kwezi nzulu, asisodwa. Nangona zimbalwa izidalwa ezikwaziyo ukusinda kwezi meko zigqithileyo, zikhona ezizenzayo. Ngo-2011 kwafunyaniswa ukuba emazantsi enzonzobileni yayizizinto ezinobudenge. Oku kuthetha ukuba zizinto eziphilayo ezifana neziponji zolwandle kunye nezinye izilwanyana xa uzijonga kuqala.
Ukuze uphile kule mimandla, ezinye izinto ezinobunkunkqele kwindalo ziyafuneka. Zizinto ezincinci eziququzelelwe kulwakhiwo lobuxoki. Oku kuthetha ukuba banamaqela athile alungelelanisiweyo abonakala ngathi anzima ngakumbi kunokuba enjalo. Bakhetheke ngokukodwa ukuze bakwazi ukuhlala kwezi meko zingenakwenzeka ebomini. Ngokufumana olu hlobo lokuziqhelanisa, zigabadele, ziye zaba zizinto ezibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye akubikho ngqokelela enye yokuyifunda ebomini. Okwangoku, kubonakala ngathi yinto engenakwenzeka ukukwazi ukufunda ezi zilwanyana ziphila ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Uninzi lwezinto esizaziyo ngezi zinto ziphilayo zizalamane ezaziwa njengeXenophyophorea. Ludidi lwabaphengululi, eziyizinto eziphilayo ezizii-unicellular phakathi kwazo kukho ii-amoebae. Ezi xenophiophores zizilwanyana ezandisiweyo ukuya elwandle kubunzulu obungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-6.000. Kule klasi yeeprotisti sifumanisa kunzima ukuphatha izilwanyana ezihlala ziyimfihlakalo ngeendlela ezininzi.
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezi zilwanyana, iingcali zebhayoloji zasemanzini zizama ukuthelekelela indima yezi zinto ziphilayo. Kucingelwa ukuba banako Inendima ebalulekileyo kumjikelo wezinto ezihlala ezantsi. Ukongeza kwi-xenophiophores, sifumana ezinye iintsholongwane ezihlala elwandle. Kunzima ukufumana iisampulu zezi zinto ziphilayo kuba kunzima ukumelana notshintsho kwiimeko ezigqithileyo zokusingqongileyo. Ukuba nolungelelwaniso lwaselwandle kwezi ndawo zinzima kunzima ukuba zilungele ezinye.
Iintlobo zeMariana Trench
Ukuba siye sangena nzulu kancinci, safumana iintlanzi ezinzulu apho safumana ezinye zinethishu yejelatinous. Esi sihlunu asihambelani kwaye siyawa xa uxinzelelo kunye neqondo lobushushu ayisiyiyo iMariana Trench apho bahlala khona. Ezinye zeentlobo ezihlala kwezi ndawo zinzulu zenza ukuba le ndawo ibonakale inesithukuthezi nangona ikho.
Ngokuchasene nokwenzeka kolunye utyalomali olunzulu emhadini wakusasa, akukho bioturbation ibonwayo. I-bioturbations ayikho enye into ngaphandle kolunye uguquko kumhlaba owenziwe sisenzo sezilwanyana. Umzekelo, sifumana i-bioturbations ebangelwa ziintshulube okanye iiholothurians ezinokuthi zimise umhlaba ngomsebenzi wazo webhayoloji. Izilwanyana ezinkulu ezihlala kubunzulu obumalunga ne-8.000 yeemitha zii-amphipods. Zizilwanyana ezinembonakalo efana neellamas kwaye zezamaqela eekrustaceans.
Ezinye iintlobo zee-cephalopods ezinje nge squid ezibizwa ngokuba zii squid ezinkulu zinokufikelela kubunzulu. Akukaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa zizilwanyana eziguqulelwe kwiimeko ezibi kakhulu. Nje ukuba singene nzulu, safumana ama-cnidarians, kubandakanya i-jellyfish kunye ne-hydras. Sikwafumene ezinye Iintlanzi ezinamazinyo, iintlanzi ezingaboniyo, ezinye ii-crustaceans ezinemilenze emide, kunye neekomkomere zaselwandle ezingaqhelekanga.
Phakathi kwe-hadal kunye nendawo yokulumkisa ebekwe kubunzulu phakathi kwe-4.000 kunye ne-6.000 yeemitha sinezilwanyana ezinokubonakala njengabaphambukeli. Nazi ezona zimpawu zoyikekayo zendalo yethu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngeMariana Trench kunye neempawu zayo.