Uluhlu lwe-ozone yindawo apho unyango luya kuba khona apho uxinzelelo lwe-ozone luphezulu kunesiqhelo. Olu luhlu lusikhusela kwimitha eyingozi evela elangeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezithile zeekhemikhali ezaziwa ngegama le iklorofluorocarbons i ibangele Umngxunya kuluhlu lwe-ozone. Lo mngxunya ubusaziwa amashumi eminyaka kwaye uyancipha ngenxa yomgaqo weMontreal.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nomngxunya okwi-ozone layer.
Inkcazo yomaleko we-ozone
Masiqale sazi ukuba yintoni uluhlu lweozone. Luhlobo lomaleko okhuselayo okwi-stratosphere. Olu luhlu lwalusebenza njengecebo lokucoca imitha yelanga eyingozi kwizinto eziphilayo. Ayisebenzi njengekhaka ngokuchasene nale radiation yelanga ngendlela eqinisekisa ubomi emhlabeni njengoko sisazi namhlanje.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba olu luhlu lubaluleke kakhulu ekusindeni, kubonakala ngathi abantu basazimisele ukuwutshabalalisa. Iiklorofluorocarbon Zizinto zemichiza ezithi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zitshabalalise i-ozone ekhoyo kwi-stratosphere. Yirhasi eyenziwe yiflorine, iklorine kunye nekhabhon. Xa le khemikhali ifikelela kwi-stratosphere iyasabela ngokufota kunye nemitha yelanga evela elangeni. Oku kubangela ukuba imolekyuli idilike kwaye bafuna iiathom zeklorine. I-klorine iphendula nge-ozone kwi-stratosphere, ibangele ii-athomu zeoksijini zenze kwaye zaphule i-ozone. Ngale ndlela, ukukhutshwa kwezi khemikhali kuqhubeka kubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kocwecwe lwe-ozone.
Ngapha koko, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ezi khemikhali zinobomi obude obuluncedo emoyeni. Enkosi kwiprothokholi yaseMontreal, ukukhutshwa kwezi khemikhali bekungavumelekanga kwaphela. Nangona kunjalo, unanamhla, umaleko weozone usonakala. Umngxunya kulwahlulo lwe-ozone luphucuka ngokumangalisayo kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo. Masiqwalasele oku.
Umngxunya kumaleko weozone
I-ozone ibekwe kwi-stratosphere kwindawo ephezulu phakathi kwe-15 kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-30. Olu luhlu lwenziwe ziimolekyuli zeozone, zona zona zenziwe ziiatom zeoksijini ezi-3. Umsebenzi woluhlu kukufunxa imitha ye-ultraviolet B, njengesihluzi ukunciphisa umonakalo.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kocwecwe lwe-ozone kwenzeka xa kukho iimpendulo zemichiza ezibangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwale ozone yeplatospheric. Isiganeko semitha yelanga sihluzwa ngumaleko we-ozone kwaye kulapho iimolekyuli ze-ozone zigqobhoza khona ngemitha yelanga ye-B. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-photolysis. Kuthetha ukuphazamiseka kwemolekyuli ngokusebenza kokukhanya.
Iifom zedayoksayidi kunye neoksijini azidibananga ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ziphinde zidibane, zenze iozone kwakhona. Eli nyathelo alisoloko lisenzeka kwaye yile nto ibangela imingxunya kuluhlu lwe-ozone. Oonobangela abaphambili be abo batshabalalisa umaleko weozone ngesantya esikhawulezileyo kukukhutshwa kwechlorofluorocarbons. Nangona sele sichazile ukuba isiganeko esivela elangeni sitshabalalisa i-ozone, senza njalo ngendlela yokuba ibhalansi ayithathi cala. Oko kukuthi, isixa se-ozone esaphuke nge-photolysis silingana okanye singaphantsi kwesixa se-ozone esikwaziyo ukwenziwa ngumbutho phakathi kweemolekyuli.
Oku kuthetha ukuba oyena nobangela uphambili wokwahlulwa kocwecwe lwe-ozone kungenxa yokukhutshwa kwechlorofluorocarbons. Umbutho weMeteorological weHlabathi uyangqina ukuba ukubuyiswa kocwecwe lwe-ozone kuya kwenzeka malunga nonyaka wama-2050 ngenxa yokuthintelwa kwezi mveliso. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba zonke ezi ziingqikelelo kuba, nokuba ezi khemikhali zinqunyanyisiwe, zihlala emoyeni kangangeshumi leminyaka.
Iziphumo zomngxunya kumaleko weozone
Ngokukodwa, umngxunya we-ozone ubukhulu becala ungaphezulu kwe-Antarctica. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uninzi lweegesi eziyingozi kumaleko weozone zikhutshiwe kumazwe ahambele phambili, kukho umjikelo womoya ohambisa ezi gesi usiya eAntarctica. Kwakhona, kule Kufuneka songeze ixesha lokuba ezi gesi zihlala emoyeni kwaye ziyakwazi ukonakalisa i-ozone.
Enkosi ngokujikeleza jikelele kweplanethi, ezi gesi zixhamle kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kumazantsi e-hemisphere kwaye ziye zaphula ubukhulu be-ozone. Kwaye kukuba ukutshatyalaliswa komaleko oxeliweyo ukuba kugxininise kubushushu obusezantsi. Oku kubangela ukwehla koxinzelelo lwe-ozone ukuba lonyuke ebusika ngelixa lichacha entwasahlobo.
Kukho iziphumo ezahlukeneyo zokonakala okanye ukonakaliswa kocwecwe lwe-ozone. Siza kuvavanya ukuba baxhomekeke kweliphi na.
Iziphumo kwimpilo yabantu
- Umhlaza wolusu: Sesinye sezifo ezaziwa kakhulu ezinxulumene nokuvezwa yimitha ye-ultraviolet B. Kuyimfuneko ukuthambisa ilanga ngokhuseleko kuba isifo singabonakali okwangoku, kodwa kule minyaka idlulileyo.
- Inkqubo yokhuseleko lomzimba: Ukwenza izinto kumzimba kunciphisa amandla okuzikhusela kwizifo ezasulelayo.
- Ukuphazamiseka kombono: inokukhokelela kwikhatharact nakwi-presbyopia rhoqo.
- Iingxaki zokuphefumla: Ezinye iingxaki sisifo sombefu ngenxa yokwanda kwe-ozone kumanqanaba asezantsi omoya.
Iziphumo kwizilwanyana zasemhlabeni nezaselwandle
Ichaphazela kakubi zonke izilwanyana zomhlaba kwaye ineziphumo ezifanayo ebantwini. Ngokubhekisele kwizilwanyana zaselwandle, le radiation ifikelela kumphezulu ngendlela echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-phytoplankton elwandle. Le phytoplankton inabantu bayo bancitshisiwe kangangokuba ichaphazela ukutya.
Iziphumo kwizityalo
Iziganeko zale radiation iyingozi kakhulu zichaphazela ukukhula kweentlobo zezityalo, zibangela ukuba amaxesha azo okudubula kunye nokukhula kwahluka. Konke oku kuchaphazela ukuncitshiswa kwezityalo nezityalo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nomngxunya okwi-ozone layer.