Nangona kunjalo Umlambo waseCongo Ngomnye weyona milambo mihle emhlabeni, awuzange ubhaqwe yinkcubeko yaseNtshona kude kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-1482. Ngapha koko, amabali amaninzi aqala ngokufika kwamaPhuthukezi. Umlambo waseCongo ungomnye wemilambo ebaluleke kakhulu kwimephu ye-hydrological yehlabathi, kodwa yayingaziwa eNtshona de kwaba li-XNUMX.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neempawu, i-geology kunye ne-biodiversity yoMlambo iCongo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Endleleni yayo, enqumla iZambia, iDemocratic Republic of the Congo, iRiphabhlikhi yaseCongo neAngola, imvakalelo yobukhulu ayinasiphelo kwaye ayinakuchazeka. Owona mlambo unzulu ehlabathini ukwikhaya lezilwanyana ezahlukileyo ezahlukileyo. Ngale ndlela, iCongo ineendawo zokuhlala ezincinci ezininzi ezineemeko ezahlukeneyo zendalo, ezenza ukuba kube kho ukwahlukahlukana kwazo okunotyebileyo.
Lo mlambo wase-Afrika ungowesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ungowesibini ubude kwaye ungowesibini ubunzulu kwilizwekazi lase-Afrika kwaye ubonelela ngendawo yetropiki exhasa amawaka eentlobo kwindawo yayo. Igama layo livela kubukumkani baseCongo, elinye lawona mazwe abaluleke kakhulu kumazantsi eSahara ngaphambi kokufika kwabahlali.
Umlambo iCongo ubekwe mpuma kumbindi we-Afrika, unendawo yokuhambisa amanzi malunga ne-4,01 yezigidi zeekhilomitha. Idibanisa amazwe aseCongo, eDemocratic Republic of Congo, eRwanda, eAngola, eBurundi, eCameroon, kwiRiphabliki ekuMbindi weAfrika, eZambia, eTanzania. kunye neGabon, nangona kwezinye izitya akukho phantse ukungena. Kuqikelelwa ukuba imalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-4.700 ubude kwaye ithwala umndilili wama-41.000 eekyubhiki mitha ngomzuzwana wamanzi., ngokuyinxenye kuba ifumana umyinge we-152 cm yemvula ngonyaka. Inani lakhe laguquguquka kancinci kwaye wawela i-ikhweyitha kabini.
Umthombo woMlambo iCongo uyabhidisa njengemithombo yeminye imilambo, kodwa lo mlambo kukholelwa ukuba uvela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ze-East African Rift Valley kumantla mpuma eZambia, phakathi kweLake Tanganyika kunye neLake Niassa. Umthombo wayo kungenzeka ukuba ube nguMlambo iChangbei kubude obumalunga ne-1.760 yeemitha. Ingene kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantic ngeebhanana kwiDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Umlambo ubumbeke nge-arc, wohlulwe waya kwi-Upper Congo, kwiCentral Congo nakwi-Lower Congo, ondliwa ngabantu abanjengoLulonga, i-Aluwimi, iMongara kunye neKasai.
I-Upper Congo yavela kwi-Great Rift Valley ye-Mpuma ye-Afrika kwaye yaphela eStanley Falls, ukuqala kwi-Central Congo kunye nokuqhubeka emantla iikhilomitha ezininzi.
Ukudlula eKisangani kwiDemocratic Republic of the Congo, umlambo ujikela ngasentshona kwaye kungekudala uqhubeka uqukuqela usiya emzantsi-ntshona. Iimpawu zeli candelo liphakathi kukuba akukho ziqubu okanye iingxangxasi, ngenxa yoko inokuhamba ngendlela. I-Lower Congo iwela isixeko saseKinshasa, ukusuka kweli nqanaba iya isanda, ine-rapids kwezinye iindawo.
Ukusekwa komlambo iCongo
Ubume kunye nomjelo womlambo wesihlanu mde emhlabeni awumdala kakhulu. Uninzi lwesitya isitya seMesozoic, kodwa kwakhona Izidalwa zePaleozoic kunye neoproterozoic zifunyenwe.
Ngokucacileyo, ngaphambi kweMesozoic, iCongo yayiyeyona ndlela iphakamileyo yomnye umlambo owawuphuma empuma uye entshona ngeGondwana, kodwa ukwahlulwa kwalo mhlaba kukhokelele ekuveleni kweebhloko ezimbini ezintsha: I-Afrika yanamhlanje kunye noMzantsi Melika wanamhlanje, ukutshintsha indlela yomlambo kunye nokumila kweminye imizimba yamanzi. Umlambo waseCongo uthathe ubume bawo ngoku kwiPleistocene phakathi kweminyaka engama-150.000 nama-200.000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zoMlambo iCongo
Ngenxa yemozulu yetropiki apho umlambo ubekwe khona kunye neeminerali ezityebileyo ezinegalelo kwindawo nganye enamanzi akungqongileyo, inesitya esityebileyo sendalo. Amakhulu eentlobo zeentlanzi zidada emanzini ayo kunye ne-7 kwiintsapho ezili-10 zeentlanzi eLake Tanganyika ziye zavela emanzini ayo. Ezona ntlanzi zityebileyo zezosapho iCiclidae, Mormyridae, Characidae, Distichitodontidae, Mochokidae, Bagridae, Cyprinidae kunye ne Siluriformes. IiNgwenya kunye noFudo, abafana Iinyani ezininzi kunye neenyoni zamanzi zifumana amakhaya abo afanelekileyo kwindawo yabo yokuhambisa amanzi.
Kwizityalo zasemanzini i-hyacinth yamanzi, iinyibiba kunye neeferns zasemanzini ziyabonakala.
Ukubaluleka kwezoqoqosho
UMlambo iCongo ubuyindlela yothutho kubantu bamandulo baseBantu. Ikwangumthombo wokutya kuwo onke amaqela eentlanga akufutshane. Ukubaluleka kwayo kwezoqoqosho kufana nqwa noMlambo umNayile.Abahloli bamazwe baseYurophu baye bahamba ngeenqanawa ezininzi kwaye basadibanisa iidolophu nezixeko namhlanje ngenxa yokunqongophala kweendlela ezikhuselekileyo kule ndawo. Iimveliso ezinje ngeswekile, ikofu, umqhaphu, ubhedu, kunye neoyile yesundu zihlala zihanjiswa zisuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye, kude kube kutshanje, iinqanawa zezona zazizezona zibalulekileyo kwezothutho lokuhamba kwemilambo.
Ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-75 zabantu abaxhomekeke kubutyebi boMlambo iCongo, kubandakanya amayeza, amanzi, izixhobo zophuhliso, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nokutya. Kwakhiwe amadama ahlukeneyo kunye nezityalo zamandla ombane ngamanzi ecaleni komlambo ukubonelela ngombane ebantwini.
Ezinye iintlanzi, ezinjengezo zikumaqela eProtopterus, iParachanna, iBagridae, iCharacidae, kunye neDistichodontus, zinokubangelwa kukuloba ngokugqithileyo, ukwaziswa kweentlobo zezilwanyana zaseCongo ezingezizo ezomthonyama, kunye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwemithombo yamanzi kunciphisa umgangatho wamanzi nezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuwo.
Amahlathi omlambo iCongo qokelela i-8% yazo zonke iikhabhoni ezigcinwe emahlathini omhlaba, ukuyenza ibe lelona chibi likhulu lekhabhoni e-Afrika kunye neyesine emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-85% yeli hlathi linyulu litshatyalalisiwe kwaye ukugawulwa kwemithi kusongela lonke ihlathi. Uqikelelo lokugawulwa kwamahlathi kuMbindi we-Afrika ngo-2050 luqikelela ukuba kuphela kwi iDemocratic Republic of the Congo izakukhupha iitoni zecarbon dioxide ezizi-34,4.
Amashumi ezigidi zabantu axhomekeke ehlathini ukuze aphile. KwiDemocratic Republic of the Congo kuphela, bangama-40 ezigidi abantu abahlala kula mahlathi. Kule nxalenye yehlabathi, yonke inkcubeko ihlala ngqo ehlathini ukuze ifumane indawo yokuhlala, impilo, ukutya, kunye nokuphila ngokwenkcubeko nangokomoya.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolwazi olunje ungafunda ngakumbi ngeCongo River kunye neempawu zayo.