El Umkhenkce oLwandlekazi iArctic Yeyona ifumaneka kwezona ndawo zisemantla zeplanethi yethu. Ndiluthathele ingqalelo njengolona lwandle lubandayo kuba uninzi lwamanzi alo lugutyungelwe ngumkhenkce omkhulu. Ngotshintsho lwemozulu oku kuyatshintsha. Amacwecwe omkhenkce ayanyibilika ngakumbi nangakumbi, enikezela zonke iintlobo zobomi ezihlengahlengiswe kwezi meko zinzima ezingakwaziyo ukuphila.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nolwandle lomkhenkce lweArctic, iimpawu zalo kunye nezilwanyana.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Umahluko ophambili phakathi koku kunye noLwandlekazi lwe-Antarctic kukuba ine ishelfu yelizwekazi apho umkhenkce ufumaneka khona. Oko umkhenkce uqhubeka unyibilika ngeli nqanaba, I-Antarctica iya kubangela ukuba ulwandle lukhuphuke. Ulwandle lomkhenkce lwase-Arctic alunashelfu yelizwekazi, inamanzi anomkhenkce kuphela. Oku kubangele ukuba inkunkuma engumkhenkce idade emanzini aphakathi. Ezi bhloko zikhulu zomkhenkce zirhangqwe lulwandle lonke ehlotyeni nasebusika, nanjengoko amanzi esiba ngumkhenkce, anda ngobukhulu.
Ime kwintshona ekufuphi neArctic Circle. Inikwe umda kwiindawo ezikufuphi neAsia, iYurophu, kunye noMntla Melika. Inqumla uLwandlekazi lweAtlantic ngeStrait of Fram kunye noLwandle iBarents. Ikwangumda woLwandlekazi lwePasifiki ngeBering Strait kunye nonxweme lonke lweAlaska, Canada, emantla eYurophu naseRussia.
Obona bunzulu bayo buphakathi kwe-2000 kunye ne-4000 yeemitha. Inommandla opheleleyo malunga neekhilomitha ezili-14.056.000 zeekhilomitha.
Ukuyilwa kunye nemozulu yolwandlekazi iArctic
Nangona ukwakheka kolwandle kungasaqondakali kakuhle, kukholelwa ukuba kwakudala kwakudala. Iimeko ezingqongileyo ezigabadeleyo zenza kube nzima ukufunda olu lwandle. AmaEskimo ahlala apha malunga neminyaka engama-20.000 XNUMX. Aba bantu bayayazi indlela yokuziqhelanisa neemeko zemozulu ezigabadeleyo zezi ndawo. Baye badlulisa ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana ukuze bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nobomi kwezi ndawo.
Amathambo afunyenwe kolu lwandle abonisa ubungqina bokuba ubomi bomkhenkce buhlala buhleli. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-70 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, iimeko zayo zazifana nezeMeditera yanamhlanje. Kwakungexesha elithile lamaxesha e-geological kunye namaxesha apho olu lwandle lwafunyanwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle komkhenkce.
Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kolwandle ebusika liyehla liye kuma -50 degrees, okwenza kube nzima ukusinda kule ndawo. Isimo sezulu se polar sesona sibanda kakhulu emhlabeni, esiguqulela kubushushu obungaphezulu okanye obuncinci kunye nobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu bonyaka. Yahlulahlulwe kakhulu ibe ngamasizini amabini, ixesha ngalinye limalunga neenyanga ezi-6. Siza kuhlalutya izikhululo ezibini ezikulwandlekazi lweArctic:
- Ihlobo: Kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni, iqondo lobushushu liyatshintsha lijikeleze i-0 degrees, kwaye kukho ukukhanya kwelanga okuqhubekayo ukusuka elangeni iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku. Kukwakho nenkungu eqhubekayo yekhephu ethintela ukuba umkhenkce unganyibiliki ngokupheleleyo. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kuyakubakho iinkanyamba ezibuthathaka ezinemvula okanye ikhephu.
- Ubusika: Iqondo lobushushu lifikelela kuma -50 degrees, kwaye kukho ubusuku obungunaphakade. Ngeli xesha lonyaka ilanga alibonakali nangaliphi na ixesha. Isibhakabhaka sicacile kwaye imozulu izinzile. Kungenxa yokuba akukho mpembelelo ivela elangeni.
Asimele silibale ukuba esona sizathu siphambili sokubakho kweziganeko zemozulu sisiphumo sokukhanya kwelanga. Ke ngoko, ebusika, iimeko zemozulu zizinzile kakhulu. Ngenxa yeziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi, amaqondo obushushu kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni aya enyuka ngokuya ebangela ukunyibilika phantse ngokupheleleyo kweArctic Ocean.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zaselwandle
Nangona olu lwandle lukwimeko ezimbi, kusekho izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezilungelelaniswe nale mimandla. Uninzi lunoboya obumhlophe, obunokuzifihla kwaye bumelane nokubanda. Kukho iintlobo ezingama-400 zezilwanyana eziye zaqhelana nokubanda kakhulu kwendawo. Eyona idumileyo yeyokuba sineentlobo ezi-6 zamatywina kunye neengonyama zolwandle, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeminenga kunye neebhere ezimhlophe, ezaziwa kakhulu.
Kukwakho iimollusk ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba zii-krill, ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiphiramidi yendalo yaselwandle. Utyani bunqabile, phantse abukho ubulembu okanye ubulembu. Uqweqwe lomkhenkce olwenziwe kuLwandlekazi iArctiki yindawo enkulu enomkhenkce. Umphezulu wemizimba engengawo amanzi uyaphindaphindeka ebusika kwaye ujikelezwe ngamanzi ngumkhenkce ehlotyeni. Ezi cap zihlala zi-2 ukuya kwi-3 yeemitha ubukhulu kwaye ishukuma rhoqo ngamanzi nangomoya waseSiberia. Okokugqibela siyabona ukuba ezinye iityhubhu zomkhenkce ziyangqubana enye nenye kwaye zidityaniswe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kudala isinqumli esitshonileyo esinobukhulu obungaphezulu kokuphindwe kathathu ubukhulu bekepusi eyakhiwe kwasekuqaleni.
Kunokuthiwa ubutyuwa beli lwandle lolona lusezantsi emhlabeni. Kungenxa yokuba isixa sonyuka sisezantsi kakhulu kwaye ukunyibilika kwamanzi amatsha kuchaphazela ubungakanani bonyuka kolophu.
Iinkqubo
Kuqikelelwa ukuba ama-25% oovimba beoyile, igesi yendalo, i-tin, i-manganese, igolide, i-nickel, ilothe kunye neplatinum zikolu lwandle. Oku kuthetha ukunyibilika kunokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo njengamandla kunye neendawo ezinobuchule ezibalulekileyo kwikamva. Olu lwandle lolona vimba mkhulu wamanzi acocekileyo kwindalo ehlabathini. Ukuncibilika kwayo kubangela ukuphela kwayo okusondeleyo.
Uqweqwe lwe-Arctic lusebenza njengesiqandisi sehlabathi, sibonisa ubushushu belanga bibuyele emajukujukwini kwaye bagcina umhlaba upholile. Nangona okwenzekayo eArctic kuyakuchaphazela iplanethi iphela, esi sithuba sesinye sezona zikhuselwe kancinci kwaye sesichengeni sezisongelo ezininzi.
Kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo, Iikota ezintathu zeekhephu zomkhenkce ezidadayo zaseArctic ziye zanyamalala. Ukutshatyalaliswa komkhenkce kwenze ukuba ulwandle lomkhenkce lwase-Arctic lube yindawo efanelekileyo yokuhamba kwaye lubonakalise ekulobeni kakhulu kunye nokuxhatshazwa kweoyile, igesi yendalo kunye neeminerali. Ezi meko zivelise ukungqubana kwemidla eyahlukeneyo, ezinye zide zangquzulwano lomkhosi.
Ukongeza kutshintsho lwasekhaya oluya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinto eziphilayo neendawo eziphila kuzo i-Arctic, kuyakubakho neenguqu 'ezifikelela kude' eziza kuchaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba, njengeSpain, apho indawo yethu yendalo iya kuchaphazeleka kukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu. .
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nolwandle lomkhenkce lwe-Arctic kunye neempawu zalo.