Ukujonga imeko yomngxunya okwingqimba ye-ozone, uxinizelelo lwe-ozone kwi-stratosphere ilinganiswe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu nge-satellite. Emva kweli xesha lokulinganisa, ekugqibeleni kufunyenwe iimpawu zokubuyiswa kwakhona kongqameko lweozone, Enkosi kwiinzame ezenziwe kwihlabathi liphela ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezizitshabalalisayo.
Ngaba zintle kangakanani iziphumo ozifumeneyo malunga nobungakanani bolwahlulo lwe-ozone?
Indima yomaleko weozone
Ubume be-ozone abuyonto engaphezulu kwendawo ye-stratosphere apho ukuxinana kwale gesi kuphezulu. Le gesi isebenza njengekhaka kwimitha yelanga eyingozi yelanga. Enkosi ngaloo nto, asilutshisi ulusu lwethu ngokuzibeka elangeni, izityalo zingaphila kwaye ziqhubeke nefotosinthesisi, njl.
Ngesi sizathu, ukuba ungqimba lwe-ozone lukwimeko elungileyo lubalulekile ebomini njengoko sisazi kwiplanethi ukuba iphuhle. Ngophuhliso lobuchwephesha, kukhutshwa iigesi ezinkulu ezitshabalalisa ungqimba lweozone, njenge chlorofluorocarbons. Ezi gesi zisabela kumasuntswana eozone akwistrafatosphere, azitshabalalise. Ngenxa yabo umngxuma odumileyo kumaleko weozone wenziwe.
Umngxunya okweyile ye-ozone awunguye umngxunya ngokwawo, kuba ukuba kunjalo, Ingayingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, kuba ibekwe eAntarctica kwaye inokuvumela ukunyibilika okukhawulezayo komkhenkce weli lizwekazi. Lo "mngxunya" kukuhla nje koxinaniso lwalo maleko ungqonge iAntarctica.
Xa i-ozone eyingozi ingenisa imitha eyingozi ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni, ukubonakaliswa kwezi mitha kuyanda, kubangela umhlaza wolusu, isifo samehlo kunye nokuphazamiseka kumajoni omzimba. Ziye zichaphazele izilwanyana, izityalo, kunye ne-phytoplankton encinci.
Ukuchacha kweOzone
I-ozone ebekwe kwi-stratosphere, ibekwe malunga ne-11-50 km ngaphezulu komphezulu womhlaba yaqala ukwehla kwi-70s yenkulungwane ephelileyo. Olona nciphiso lubalulekileyo ukusukela ngoko maleko we-ozone uphakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-8% kwishumi ngalinye.
Ndiyabulela kwizivumelwano zamazwe aphesheya ezinje ngeMontreal Protocol, ethintela ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuncitshiswa kwezinto ezitshabalalisa i-ozone layer, indlela yokunciphisa iye yaphazamiseka.
IiSatellites eziqhubeka nokubek'esweni kunye nokubeka esweni uxinzelelo lwe-ozone kuzo zonke iindawo zomhlaba zikwazile ukubona iimpawu zokuqala zokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. IiSatellites zibonelela ngemilinganiselo eyaneleyo, nangona ukusikelwa umda okwexeshana kubathintela ekwenzeni iipanorama ezingakumbi zoxinzelelo lwe-ozone. Iinzululwazi zemozulu ziqikelela ukuba ukufundwa kwesathelayithi iozone kuya kuthatha iminyaka engama-30 okanye nangaphezulu kwaye ziyafuneka ukuze zikwazi ukuhlalutya iimeko zoxinzelelo lwe-ozone ngokuchaneka ngakumbi.
Kuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka esizifumana sikulo kunye nomsebenzi welanga, uxinzelelo lweozone alusoloko luzinzile unyaka wonke. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuhlalutya imeko yoxinaniso kwiminyaka edlulileyo hayi uxinzelelo oluthile. Ngesi sizathu, amanyathelo ayimfuneko kumashumi eminyaka ukungqinisisa ukuba ngaba abantu babangela umngxunya kuluhlu lweozone ukuba luqale ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
Ukuphendula le ngxaki, izazinzulu ezivela kwi Inzame ye-ESA yoTshintsho lweMozulu Balungelelanisa imilinganiselo evela kwiisathelayithi ezahlukeneyo ukufumana umbono wexesha elide ngokwahluka kweozone.
"Ngokudibanisa idatha evela kwiNkqubo yoTshintsho lweMozulu kunye nedatha evela kwi-NASA, sibona ngokucacileyo imikhwa emibi kwi-ozone ephezulu yomoya ngaphambi ko-1997 kunye nemikhwa elungileyo emva kwalo mhla. Imikhwa ebonakala kwindawo ephezulu ye-stratosphere ngaphaya kwetropiki zibalulekile ngokwezibalo kwaye zandulela ukubuyiswa kwe-ozone, utshilo. UViktoria Sofieva, INzululwazi ePhakamileyo yoPhando e-Finnish Meteorological Institute.
Siyabulela koku, namhlanje sinokuyazi imeko yomaleko weozone.