Kutheni iinqwelomoya zibhabha

Nangona sikunyaka ka2022 basebaninzi abantu abangekaqondi Kutheni iinqwelomoya zibhabha. Umntu uye wafuna ukukwazi ukuwela isibhakabhaka kunye nokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu ukuze akwazi ukuhlolisisa zonke iikona zomhlaba wethu. Enkosi kwisayensi kunye nezifundo kwifiziksi kuye kwenzeka ukuba kuqhutywe kwaye namhlanje iinqwelomoya zibaluleke kakhulu kubomi bethu.

Kweli nqaku siza kukucacisela isizathu sokuba iinqwelo-moya zibhabha nokuba kwafikelelwa njani kweso sigqibo.

Kutheni iinqwelomoya zibhabha

Eyona mpendulo ilula kukuba iinqwelo-moya zinokubhabha kuba zenzelwe ukubhabha. Kanye kunye ne-transatlantic engaphezulu kwe I-100.000 yeetoni inemilo kunye noyilo lwangaphakathi oluvumela ukuba ihlale idada, inqwelo-moya inemilo evumela ukuba ihlale emoyeni. Akukho nto inomlingo. Eyona nto imangalisayo nemangalisayo kukuba iinqwelo-moya azikwazi ukubhabha ngendlela ezibhabha ngayo. Isitshixo kwimilo yayo ngamaphiko kunye noyilo lwawo.

Impendulo entsokothileyo kukuba inqwelo-moya ibhabha ngenxa yokuhamba komoya phakathi kwamaphiko. Emva koko sinokugqiba ukuba ukuze inqwelo-moya ibhabhe, kufuneka ukuhamba komoya, okanye isantya esifanayo esinxulumene nomoya.

Iinqwelomoya zibhabha phantsi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelomoya ezithe tye nezithe nkqo.. Ukuze inqwelo-moya iphakame, amandla aveliswa yi-axis ethe nkqo (ukuphakamisa ngentetho ye-aeronautical) kufuneka budlule ubunzima benqwelo-moya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwi-axis ethe tye, ngenxa ye-injini yokukhupha iigesi, umgaqo-nkqubo wokuphendula uyenzeka, uvelisa amandla angaphambili anqoba ukuchasana komoya. Xa inqwelo-moya inyuka ngesantya esingaguqukiyo kwaye ifikelela kumphakamo wayo wokuhamba, oku kungenxa yokuba ukulungelelana kwamandla kuphunyezwa kokubini kwi-asis ethe nkqo (i-lift ilingana nobunzima) nakwi-axis exwesileyo, apho ilift ilingana nobunzima. I-Engine thrust ilingana nokutsalwa okubonelelwa ngumoya.

Kutheni iinqwelomoya zibhabha: imigaqo esisiseko

Umlingo wenzeka xa ufumana ukuphakama. Apho, kufuneka sicacise uluhlu lwemigaqo yakhe. Ngokusisiseko, ukunyuswa kufezekiswa ngamaphiko enqwelo-moya. Ukuba siyabasika siya kufumana into ebizwa ngokuba yiprofayili yephiko, inxalenye enephiko ngaphakathi.

Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-aerodynamic, icandelo linomfanekiso osebenzayo kakhulu. Umphetho apho umoya ungena khona xa inqwelomoya ibhabha ingqukuva, indawo engasemva yeprofayile ibukhali, kwaye iphinde ijike phezulu (ngolwimi lwe-aeronautical, le ndawo ingasentla ibizwa ngokuba yi-arc yangaphandle kwaye indawo engezantsi ibizwa ngokuba I-arc yangaphakathi). ). Oku kugoba kweprofayili yephiko kuthetha ukuba xa i-airflow idibana nayo, iyahlukana ibe yimizila emibini, enye inxalenye phezu kwephiko kwaye enye iphantsi. Ngenxa yokugoba kwephiko, indlela afanele ukuhamba ngayo amanzi inde kunale ingezantsi.

Kukho ithiyori, ithiyori kaBernoulli, eyona nto iyiyo ulondolozo lwamandla, kwaye uthi ukuze kwenzeke oku, ukuhamba komoya okuvela phezulu kufuneka kuhambe ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuthetha ukuba uxinzelelo oluncinci kunolusezantsi, ukuhamba kancinci kwaye usebenzisa uxinzelelo olungaphezulu. Umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kokuhamba komoya okuphezulu kunye nasezantsi kudala ukuphakama. Nangona oku kuphakanyiswa ngumgaqo kaBernoulli akuchazi yonke into ekufuneka inqwelomoya inyuke. Ukucacisa ukuphakama kuyimfuneko ukubhenela kolunye uthotho lwemigaqo yomzimba.

Omnye wabo ngumthetho wesithathu kaNewton. Ngenxa yobume obugobileyo beprofayili, umoya ovela phezulu, endaweni yokulandela indlela ethe tye, uqondiswe phantsi. Oku kuphambuka okubangelwa yiprofayili yephiko ekuphumeni komoya kuthetha ukuba ngenxa yomthetho wesithathu kaNewton (umgaqo-nkqubo wokuphendula), amandla okusabela adalwa kwicala elichaseneyo, ngaphezu kwephiko, elivelisa ukuphakanyiswa okungaphezulu. Ukongeza, oku kunyuswa kwandiswe yimpembelelo eyaziwa ngokuba Impembelelo yeCoanda esebenza kuwo onke ama-viscous fluids.

Isiphumo seCoanda sibangela ukuba ulwelo lufumane umphezulu kwindlela yabo kwaye luthande ukunamathela kubo. Umaleko womda wenziwa phakathi kweprofayili yephiko kunye nokuhamba komoya njengomaleko we-laminar, owokuqala unamathele kwiphiko kwaye udonsa amanye amacandelo ngaphezu kwayo. Isiphumo somthetho wesithathu kaNewton siphuculwa ngakumbi xa ukuhamba komoya kubambelela kwiprofayili, umoya uya kuhamba uhla njengoko unamathela kwiprofayili.

ingcaciso eneenkcukacha

Konke oku kunyuka ngesantya somoya. Ekuqaleni komqulu wokunduluka, inqwelo-moya ikhawuleza ngokuthe ngcembe, ngoko ke ilift inyuka ngesantya. Unokuyiqonda ngcono ngomzekelo. Ukuba sibeka izandla zethu ngefestile yemoto, njengoko isantya sikhula, siphawula ukuba amandla omoya athanda ukuphakamisa izandla.

Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo yintoni eyenza ukuba inqwelomoya inyuke kukuphakamisa impumlo, okubizwa ngokuba kukwandisa i-angle yokuhlasela. I-angle yohlaselo yi-engile eyenziwe ngokugocagoca kwangoku kwiprofayili yephiko ngokunxulumene naloo nkangeleko. Emva kokuba ukunyuka kunyuka kunye ne-curvature yeprofayili yephiko (ukwandisa iindawo ezinazo: ii-slats zangaphambili kunye ne-flaps yangasemva), izinyusi zokuzinzisa umsila zihamba. Esi senzo senza impumlo yenqwelomoya iphakama. Ngempumlo phezulu, sonyusa i-angle yokuhlaselwa. Oku kunempembelelo efanayo xa sibeka isandla sethu kwifestile yemoto, ukuba siphakamisa isandla sethu kwicala lokuhamba, isandla siya phezulu. Zonke ezi zisebenza kunye ukuphakamisa inqwelomoya.

Njengoko ubona, ngenxa yovavanyo kunye neethiyori ezininzi, iinqwelomoya ziye zakwazi ukubhabha kwaye zaba yinxalenye yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba kutheni iinqwelomoya zibhabha.