Utshintsho lwemozulu luneziphumo ezinamandla nezothusayo ezigcinelwe izizukulwana zethu ezizayo. Ngapha koko, uninzi lweziphumo zalo sele zibonwa namhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, iinzame zehlabathi zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi engcolileyo azikonelanga kwaye ukunyibilika kweendawo ezinkulu ezibandayo njengoko iArctic isondele.
Zithini iziphumo zokunyibilika ngokupheleleyo kweArctic emhlabeni?
Iirekhodi zobushushu zamva nje
Ukusukela ngo-2014, xa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu aphezulu aphakathi abhalwa ukulinganiswa, bekukho i-a phantse ikhulu losulelo ngeentsholongwane zohlobo ivibrio. Lo nyaka u-2014 uxatyisiwe njengowona nyaka ushushu ukusukela oko kubhalwa amaqondo obushushu. Phakathi kwebhaktiriya enamagama, sifumana ezo zibangela ikholera kunxweme lwaseSweden naseFinland. Amanye ala matyala enzekile malunga neekhilomitha ezili-160 ukusuka kwiArctic Circle. Kutheni le nto ezi bhakteria zinokuchaphazela ubude bendawo ekufuphi neArctic?
Intsholongwane yohlobo ivibrio
Iziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu eziphazamisa indalo
Utshintsho lwemozulu kunye neziphumo zalo ezibi Baphazamisa ukusebenza kunye noluhlu lweentlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana. Ezona ndidi zisengozini yokutshintsha zinxulunyaniswa neetropiki kwaye zifudukela emantla ngenxa yokunyuka kweqondo lobushushu. Ezi bhakteria zohlobo ivibrio Bafuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukuze baphile kakuhle kwaye ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwihlabathi liphela, banako yonyusa indawo yokuhanjiswa kwayo kwaye iphile kwiindawo ezikumantla amakhulu. Ukuvela kwezifo kunye neentsholongwane zezinye zeziphumo zokunyibilika okuveliswe lutshintsho lwemozulu.
Kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi akufani kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi. Kukho imimandla yeplanethi ethi, ngenxa yobume bayo, ishushu kunabanye. Umzekelo, kwiArctic isiphumo esibizwa ngokuba Ukwandiswa kweArctic apho unyibiliko apho lubhengezwe ngakumbi kunakwiminye imimandla ebandisiweyo. Oku kungacaciswa ngendlela engacacanga okanye elula: Ukutsala ngokuthanda amanzi kunciphisa amandla engingqi okubonisa imitha yelanga. Koko kukuthi, i-albedo yasemhlabeni Iyancipha njengoko kukho umkhenkce omncinci ukubonisa imitha kwaye, ke ngoko, ubushushu obufunxwe ngumhlaba bukhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba umphezulu ubushushu ngakumbi nangakumbi kwaye ubuyisele umva incindi, ebangela ukuba ii-pathogen zifikelele kwezi ndawo zinokuhlala kwaye zisasaze.
Intsholongwane iyasasazeka
Nangona ezi ntsholongwane zingenakubonwa, iintsholongwane zolwandle zezona zinto ziphambili kwi-biomass elwandle. Olu hlobo lwangaphambili lweentsholongwane zohlobo ivibrio zizifo. Enye ingozi ebangelwa kukunyibilika kukunyibilika iqabaka ukusuka kwimiphetho yasemantla ISiberia, Canada kunye neGreenland. Ngendlela efanayo njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, njengoko wonke umaleko womkhenkce osemhlabeni unyibilika, ivumela olu hlobo lweentsholongwane ukuba lusasaze kwaye lubangele izifo ezinzulu.
Umkhenkce onganyibilikiyo (umhlaba okhenkciweyo)
Abaphandi be-CSIC bafumene iDNA ukusuka kwintsholongwane engaziwayo kumachibi aseSvalbard ngoJuni 2015. Kwiinyanga ezimbini kamva ukufunyanwa kwe intsholongwane eneminyaka engama-30.000 ubudala ivaleleke kumkhenkce waseSiberia. Oku kunokuba yingxaki enkulu yezempilo kwihlabathi liphela kuba ukusebenza kolu hlobo lwebacteria kunye nenyaniso yokuba zinokubangela izifo ezitsha ebantwini akuqondwa kakuhle.
Ukunyibilika kwenyibiba kunye notshintsho lwemozulu
Utshintsho lwemozulu lunyibilikisa umkhenkce wase-Arctic kwaye oku kubuyela kutshintsho lwemozulu. Ingxelo ebanzi evela kwiZiko lezeNzululwazi lase-US malunga nefuthe lehlabathi le-Arctic yango-2015 yaqaqambisa indlela ukunciphisa isiphumo se-albedo, ukukhulula imethane kunye nekhabhon ebhajwe kwi-permafrost, okanye ukuguqula ukujikeleza kolwandle kuya kukonyusa ubushushu jikelele. Kwaye mhlawumbi ukutshabalalisa naliphi na umkhenkce oseleyo kwiArctic.