Ukufunda imozulu kubandakanya ubunzima kunye noxanduva olukhulu. Ke ngoko Imbasa yemozulu yeNobel 2021 koososayensi abathathu abafunda ngefiziksi nakwimozulu ezaphukileyo. Abaphumelele amabhaso kaNobel nguSyukuro Manabe, uKlaus Hasselmann, kunye noGiorgio Parisi. Oososayensi abathathu bakwazile ukucacisa enye yezona zinto zinzima ukuziqonda kwisayensi.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga ne-2021 yeNobel yeBhaso leMozulu kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.
Ibhaso likaNobel ngemozulu ka-2021
Le nto intsonkothileyo kangangokuba kude kuthiwe ziinkqubo ezimbaxa zomzimba. Kwaigama layo libonisa ubunzima bokuqonda kwayo. Iziphumo zinokuvela kwizikali zeatom ukuya kwisikali seplanethi kwaye zichaphazele indlela yokuziphatha kwee-elektroni eziqhelekileyo kwimozulu yomhlaba wonke. Kungoko ukubaluleka kwayo.
NgoLwesibini, iZiko laseSweden lamwonga ngegalelo lakhe kuphando kunye nefuthe lakhe kubushushu bomhlaba, kwaye wamwonga ngeBhaso likaNobel elidumileyo kwiFizikiki. Oososayensi abathathu, uSyukuro Manabe, uKlaus Hasselmann noGiorgio Parisi, oovulindlela kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zophando kunye nezinye iingcali kwimpembelelo yemozulu, babhengezwa njengabaphumeleleyo kuhlelo lowe-2021.
Unobhala weSweden Academy of Science, uGöran Hansson, uzichasile iindaba, esithi ibhaso elinikwe aba baphandi ligalelo labo lokuqonda izinto ezintsokothileyo. Ibhaso, kunye nembasa yezonyango, yemichiza kunye noncwadi ebhengezwe kule veki, ziya kunikezelwa kumsitho wamabhaso eStockholm nge-8 kaDisemba.
Ngokutsho kweSweden Academy, u-Giorgio Parisi wase-Italiya oneminyaka engama-73 uphumelele ibhaso elikhethekileyo lokufumanisa "iipateni ezifihlakeleyo kwizixhobo ezintsonkothileyo nezilahlekisayo." Ukufumanisa kwakhe lelinye lamagalelo abaluleke kakhulu kwithiyori yeenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo.
U-Syukuro Manabe wase-Japan no-Klaus Hasselmann wase-Jamani baphumelele amabhaso ngegalelo labo "elisisiseko" kwimodeli yemozulu. UManabe, 90, ubonisa ukuba ukwanda komxholo wekhabhon dayoksayidi kubangela ukuba ubushushu bomhlaba bonyuke. Lo msebenzi wabeka iziseko zophuhliso lweemodeli zemozulu ezikhoyo. Ngendlela enye, UKlauss Hasselmann, 89, waba nguvulindlela ekudalweni kwemodeli edibanisa imo yezulu kunye nemozulu.
Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo
Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo kwisikali seatom kunye neplanethi zinokwabelana ngeempawu ezithile, ezinje ngesiphithiphithi kunye nokuphazamiseka, kunye nokuziphatha kubonakala kulawulwa ngamabona-ndenzile.
UParis wenza igalelo lakhe lokuqala kuphando lwakhe kwi-physics ngokuhlalutya ingxubevange yentsimbi ebizwa ngokuba yiglasi.okanye ukujikeleza, apho iiathom zentsimbi zixutywe ngokungacwangciswanga kwilathisi yeeathom zobhedu. Nangona zimbalwa iiathom zentsimbi, ziguqula iipropathi zemagnethi yezinto ngendlela enomdla nengaphazamisiyo.
U-Parisi oneminyaka engama-73 ufumanise ukuba imithetho efihliweyo ichaphazela indlela yokuziphatha ebonakala ngathi ikhetheke kwizixhobo eziqinileyo kwaye wafumana indlela yokuyichaza ngokwemathematika. Umsebenzi wakhe awusebenzi kwi-physics kuphela, kodwa nakwimimandla eyahlukeneyo enje ngemathematics, biology, neuroscience, kunye nokufunda ngomatshini (ubukrelekrele bokuzenzela).
Ikomiti ichaze oko kufunyaniswe sisazinzulu "Yenza ukuba abantu baqonde kwaye bachaze izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngokucacileyo zingahleliwe kunye neziganeko". Isikolo saseSweden ngoku sijonga iglasi ejikelezayo njengesiqhelo sokuziphatha kwemozulu okunzima kunye nophando olwenziwe nguManab noHasselmann kwiminyaka kamva. Kwaye kunzima ukuqikelela indlela eziza kuhlala ixesha elide ngayo izinto ezintsonkothileyo, ezinje ngemozulu yesijikelezi-langa sethu.
UManabe, owayesebenza kwiYunivesithi yasePrinceton eMelika, wakhokela ukwenziwa kweemodeli zemozulu ebonakalayo ngeminyaka yoo-1960, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwisigqibo sokuba ikharbon dayokhsayidi ifudumeza umhlaba. Ngenxa yendlela yayo emdaka, Imozulu yeplanethi yethu ithathwa njengenkqubo yomzimba entsonkothileyo. Kwangolo hlobo lunye, uHasselman wasebenzisa uphando lwakhe ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba kutheni iimodeli zemozulu zinokuthenjwa, nangona imozulu itshintsha kwaye inesiphithiphithi.
Ezi modeli zekhompyuter ezinokuthi ziqikelele ukuba umhlaba uza kuyiphendula njani into ekhutshwa yi-greenhouse gas emissions kubalulekile ekuqondeni kwethu ubushushu behlabathi.
Njengokuba uNjingalwazi weYunivesithi yaseYale uJohn Wettlaufer echazile, i-Italiya ye-physicist 'yakha ukusuka ekuphazamisweni nasekutshintsheni kweenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo kwinqanaba elincinci', kunye nomsebenzi weSyukuro Manabe 'fumana izinto zenkqubo enye. Kwaye zibeke ndawonye ukuqikelela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba entsonkothileyo.
Ukubaluleka kwe-2021 yeNobel Prize yeMozulu
Esinye sezigqibo ezishiyekileyo sesisigqibo, ngakumbi kunyulo lukaManabe naseHasselman, kukutsala umdla wabantu kwiingxaki zemozulu.
Ngokuka Wettlaufer, ngembasa, iKomidi yeNobel yaphakamisa "ubumbano phakathi kokufundwa kwemozulu yomhlaba (ukusuka kwiimilimitha ukuya kubukhulu bomhlaba) nomsebenzi kaGiorgio Parisi." Ugqirha Martin Juckes, intloko yezophando kwinzululwazi yeatmosferi Umntu nosekela mlawuli weBritish Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) bathi ukubona oososayensi bephumelela iNobel Prize kwiFizikiki ngomsebenzi wabo kwimozulu "ziindaba ezimnandi".
"Ukuntsonkotha kwenkqubo yemozulu, kudityaniswa nosongelo lobunzima bemozulu, kuyaqhubeka nokucela umngeni kwizazinzulu zemozulu namhlanje," wathi.
Njengoko ubona, ingxaki yemozulu esijamelene nayo kule nkulungwane yenza ukuba oososayensi babeke kwindawo evulekileyo okanye babenakho ukufumana izisombululo ezinokubakho. Utshintsho lwemozulu lusongela ukutshintsha umhlaba esiwaziyo kwaye uninzi lweenkqubo zethu zoqoqosho zifuna uzinzo esinalo kwimozulu namhlanje.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokubaluleka kweBhaso likaNobel ngemozulu ka-2021 kwaye zithini iimpawu zalo.