Enye yeemeko zemozulu yomoya yimimoya yorhwebo. Zibaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX ngenxa yempembelelo enkulu ekuhanjisweni kweenqanawa. Nangona kunjalo, ababaninzi abantu abazi Ithini imimoya yorhwebo. Okwangoku, baninzi abasakhuthazwayo ukuba babulele kwimimoya yorhwebo kuba ingabo benzeka phakathi kwe-Ecuador kunye neetropiki. Bavuthela ukusuka kumantla e-hemisphere nakwindawo esemazantsi kwaye bakummandla weIntertropical convergence owaziwayo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iimimoya zorhwebo, zeziphi iimpawu zazo kunye nokubaluleka kwazo.
Ithini imimoya yorhwebo
Imimoya yorhwebo yimisinga yomoya evuthuza phantse ngokuqhubekayo ehlotyeni kuMantla eIkhweyitha kwaye ayiqhelekanga ebusika. Impembelelo yayo ivela phakathi kweikhweyitha kunye neetropiki, kwaye inyakatho yomzantsi-mzantsi ifikelela kwi-30º. Ngumoya ophakathi ngokuphakathi, ngesantya somoya ophakathi malunga ne-20 km / h.
Ngenxa yamandla abo angonakalisi kunye nokuzinza kwabo okubonakalayo ngexesha lasehlotyeni, banokubaluleka kwembali kuba bavumela ubukho beendlela ezibalulekileyo zorhwebo lwaselwandle. Ukongeza, bakwanoxanduva lokwenza ukuba bakwazi ukuwela uLwandlekazi lweAtlantic ngokuhamba ngomkhumbi baye eUnited States. Owokuqala ukwenza imephu eneenkcukacha zemimoya yorhwebo kunye neemonons yayinguEdmund Halley, owapapasha imephu ngo-1686 kuphononongo olusebenzisa idatha koomatiloshe bezorhwebo baseBritane.
Imimoya yorhwebo ukuqhuma kwi-NE (empuma-mpuma) kumantla e-hemisphere ukuya kwi-SW (kumazantsi mpuma) kwinxalenye ephezulu yomhlaba, kwaye uvuthuze ukusuka kwi-SE (kumazantsi mpuma) ukuya kwi-NW (emantla ntshona) emazantsi omhlaba, oko kukuthi, kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi. Ulwalathiso lwayo lubangelwa yimpembelelo yeCoriolis, ebangela ukuba ujikelezo lomhlaba luchaphazele izinto ezihambayo kwaye luguqule intshukumo yazo ngokwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kubukho behlabathi.
Uyilo lomoya wokurhweba
Imvelaphi yemimoya yorhwebo ilele kwindlela imitha yelanga etshisa ngayo iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Inkqubo yokuyilwa kwemimoya yorhwebo ishwankathelwe ngezantsi:
- Kuba imitha yelanga inefuthe elikhulu ngexesha lokuchaphazeleka okupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, ngokuthe nkqo, i-ikhweyitha yoMhlaba ifumana ubushushu obungaphezulu Ngunobangela wobushushu behlabathi. Ngokubhekisele kwimimoya yorhwebo, xa ubushushu belanga buwela emhlabeni nakumanzi akummandla weikhweyitha, ubushushu buya kubuyela kumoya ongaphezulu ngaphezulu, ngaloo ndlela bushushu ngokugqithisileyo. Lo moya uyanda kwaye ulahlekelwe luxinano xa ushushu, uyakhanya, kwaye uyenyuka.
- Njengoko umoya oshushu unyuka, umoya obandayo ovela kwiitropiki uza kugcwalisa ukungabikho.
- Ngokwahlukileyo, umoya oshushu ophuma kufutshane neikhweyitha usiya kububanzi obungama-30º, nokuba ubuphi na umhlaba.
- Ngexesha lokufikelela kweli nqanaba, uninzi lomoya sele lupholile ngokwaneleyo ukuba luye kwinqanaba lomgangatho, lwenze iluphu evaliweyo ebizwa ngokuba libhetri likaHadley.
- Nangona kunjalo, ayizukuphola yonke umoya kwakhona. Iqhekeza lifudunyezwa kwakhona kwaye lihamba liye kwibhetri yeFerrer ebekwe phakathi kwe-30º kunye ne-60º yobubanzi, kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwiipali.
- Iziphumo zecoriolis ngunobangela wokuba le mimoya ingabethi ngokuthe nkqo kodwa inyanzelekile, kwaye Isizathu sokuba umbono wakho kwezi hemispheres zimbini ubuyiselwe inxenye.
Kwakhona, indawo yokuhlangana yemimoya yorhwebo ye-hemispheres ezimbini, okanye indawo encinci phakathi kwabo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-ITCZ, indawo yokuhlangana yetropiki. Le ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kubahambi ngeenqanawa kuba inexinzelelo oluphantsi kunye nokuhlaziywa okuninzi. Izantyalantyala zemvula ezinamandla zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye eyona ndawo ikuyo ihlala itshintsha kunye nobunzima bomoya.
Apho bakhoyo
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, imimoya yorhwebo iveliswa kuyo yonke le ndawo, kubandakanya indawo ephakathi kweikhweyitha kunye nama-30 degrees kumda wasentla. Oku kuchaphazele amazwe amaninzi. Iziqithi zeCanary zinemimoya yorhwebo, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yemozulu yezi ziqithi zaseSpain. Ebusika, babengenakuchaphazeleka ziziphumo zokuzinza kwe-anticyclone kwiiAzores. Ukuma kwayo kufutshane neTropic yoMhlaza kunye neempawu zayo zobume bayo kuyinika imozulu eshushu esehlotyeniNangona ikude, iyafana noLwandle lweMeditera.
Banempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumazwe anje ngeVenezuela, iChile, iColombia, iEcuador okanye iCosta Rica, zonke zivela kwimimandla yetropiki kwaye zinemozulu entsonkothileyo ebangela ukungena kwemimoya yorhwebo. Oku kwahluka kakhulu ngokommandla wejografi namaxesha athile onyaka.
Gcina ukhumbula ukuba nangona imimoya yorhwebo kunye neemonsi zihambelana kakhulu, zikude ngokufanayo kwaye akufuneki zidideke. Imimoya yezorhwebo yimimoya enobulali kwaye ihlala iqinile, ngelixa iimvula yimimoya enezivunguvungu ezinamandla ezikhupha isixa esikhulu semvula.
I-Azores anticyclone
I-anticyclone kwiiAzores inikwe elo gama ngesizathu. Kungenxa yokuba idlala indima ikakhulu kwingingqi yeAtlantic apho kukho elinye ichwebakazi, oko kukuthi, iAzores. Kuxhomekeka ekubhubheni kwe-anticyclone impembelelo engangqalanga yemimoya yorhwebo kwiiCanary Islands inokuba nkulu okanye incinci.
Ebusika, le anticyclone isondele kakhulu kwiiCanary Islands. Oku kukhokelela kuzinzo olukhulu kunye nemimoya engaphantsi yorhwebo. Ke ngoko, umoya obandayo awunampembelelo kwezi ziqithi. Le yenye yezinto ezisisiseko zokugcina imozulu emnandi kwaye eshushu kwixesha elibandayo.
Ehlotyeni, I-anticyclone ihamba ngaphaya kweeAzores. Ukuya kude kwiiCanary Islands, ngakumbi ifuthe lomoya wezorhwebo. Ke ngoko, imimoya yorhwebo yasehlotyeni iqhuma ngakumbi, ngoko ke ubushushu abuzukunyuka.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yeyiphi imimoya yorhwebo kwaye wehlise iimpawu zazo.