ESpain imbalela yinto ephindaphindekayo yendalo kwaye nangakumbi kuyo yonke imimandla yeMeditera. Ukuphindaphindwa kunye nokuqina okufanayo yonyuswa ziziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu kwaye, nangona imisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye neenkqubo zendalo ziye zalungelelanisa le mpawu yemozulu, azinakwenza njalo kule meko, echaphazela uzinzo.
Le meko yembalela kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kukhokelele kwimozulu eshushu nesomileyo kwiinkulungwane ezintathu ezidlulileyo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Zithini iziphumo kule meko?
Ubushushu obuninzi, amanzi amancinci
Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini, amalungu eqela lophando Imozulu, Amanzi, Utshintsho lweHlabathi kunye neeNkqubo zeNdalo zeSebe leJografi noCwangciso lweNdawo bahlaziya imozulu yexesha elidlulileyo ukusuka ekukhuleni kobukhulu bemithi emidala eSpain. Ngolu phando bafuna ukwazi ukuba imozulu ibinjani kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo kwaye bakwazi ukuqikelela ubuzaza kunye nenkqubela yeziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu.
Kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukuba utshintsho oluninzi lwemozulu lwenzekile kwimbali, kodwa khange lukhawuleze njengaleli lisenzeka namhlanje. Ngokwanda kwamaqondo obushushu aphakathi afanayo noko akhoyo namhlanje, kwadlula izigidi zeminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho lwemozulu lwangoku lwenzeka kumgangatho womntu, oko kukuthi, kwiinkulungwane nje ezimbalwa.
Olu lwazi lunokufunyanwa ngokufunda ngokukhula okukuko kwemithi efana nemipini. Ijenali yeeleta zoPhando zeJenali ngoku iqokelela uhlalutyo lwe iisampulu ezivela kwimithi engama-774 yohlobo lwePinus sylvestris kunye nePinus uncinata ebekwe kuluhlu lweentaba zaseIberia, kuba ubude beerekhodi zemozulu (idatha ezilinganiswe kwizikhululo zemozulu) ifikelela kwiminyaka eyi-100, ixesha elaneleyo lokuvavanya imeko enokwenzeka yemozulu yangoku.
Isifundo sokukhula komthi
Ndiyabulela kulwazi oluqokelelweyo kwimilinganiselo yokukhula kwemithi, kunokwenzeka ukwazi ukuba imozulu iguqukele njani. Xa umthi ngamnye uvelisa ukhuni lwasemva kwexesha, oko kukuthi, owona mnyama uveliswe kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokukhula konyaka, kunokwenzeka phinda wakhe iziphumo zembalela ehlotyeni ukusukela kumashumi eminyaka yokuqala yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Umsebenzi uqalile ngehlobo le-XNUMXth century ukusukela oko yayisisiqalo senguquko kwimizi-mveliso apho i-greenhouse gases zaqala ukukhutshwa ngohlaziyo lweshishini.
Kokokuqala ukuba izazinzulu zikwazi ukuyakha ngokutsha imozulu yeenkulungwane ezidlulileyo ngale ndlela. Obu buchule bubizwa Ukunyuka komphunga okumiselweyo kunye nesalathiso sokuphefumla (SPEI), Idluliselwe kweli tyala kwiinyanga zikaJulayi nezika-Agasti. Ihlobo ziye zoma ngakumbi kude kube, namhlanje, zezona ziseta iirekhodi zembali.
Into ethathelwa ingqalelo kule milinganiselo kwaye ibalulekile ekulungiseleleni iziphumo kunye neziphetho kukuba esi salathisi sisetyenzisiweyo kwimilinganiselo sithathela ingqalelo uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo olufunyanwa ziinkqubo zendalo kwimeko yokwehla okungaqhelekanga kwemvula, kwimeko apho, ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi, amaqondo obushushu ngonyaka enyuka ngakumbi.
Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zichaziwe ngabanye ababhali abasuka eYurophu naseMntla Afrika, ababhekisa kwinto eyodwa yokuba imbalela ethe yabakho ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane yama-XNUMX naleyo igqithileyo ngoku iminyaka.
Utshintsho kwiipateni zemozulu ezibangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu isenzo esikhulu kwaye bayakwazi tshintsha isikhundla kunye nokuzingisa kweAnticyclone kwiiAzores engavumeli ukuba isaqhwithi singene eSpain kwaye, ke, imvula. Ngapha koko, oku kuphindaphindeka kweziganeko ezomileyo kuyahambelana neziphumo zengxelo yakutsha nje yeQela loorhulumente kuTshintsho lwemozulu.