Ukuze sifunde iplanethi yethu, ngokweenkcukacha kukho isebe lesayensi elaziwa njengegama le geodesy. Yinzululwazi efunda ubume bemilinganiselo yoMhlaba. Oku kubandakanya ukumiselwa komhlaba womxhuzulane wangaphandle kunye nomphezulu womgangatho wolwandle. Ngaphakathi kwe-geodey umxholo uhlala usetyenziswa othi Inqaku le geodeic. Lulwakhiwo lomhlaba olusebenza ukubanakho ukubhekisa ngokuchanekileyo ubume bendawo yendawo. Basebenza ngo-triangulation wee-vertices kunye nemephu yesizwe kunye nengingqi yemephu yeendawo ze-geodetic inokwakhiwa.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo ye-geodetic.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, i-geodey ifunda ngemilo kunye nobukhulu beplanethi yethu. Enkosi kule sayensi sinokuchonga indlela intsimi yangaphandle yomxhuzulane kunye nomphezulu womgangatho wolwandle. Inkcazo ye-geodey ikwabandakanya ukufundwa kokumiswa kweplanethi yethu emajukujukwini. Inxalenye esisiseko ye geodey kukumisa indawo ezikuyo iingongoma emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa ulungelelwaniso. Siyabulela kula makhonkco sinokuba nobude, ubude kunye namaxabiso okuphakama.
Ukwenziwa kwawo onke la manqaku emhlabeni enza uthungelwano lwe geodetic. Ezi nethiwekhi zenziwe ngothotho lwamanqaku aziwa njengendawo ye-geodetic. La manqaku alungelelanisa enza isiseko se-cartography yelizwe. Unokuthi ziziseko zophuhliso. Inqaku le-geodeic alikho ngaphezu kolwakhiwo lwamatye olusinceda ukubhekisa ngqo kwindawo ezime kuyo indawo. Nje ukuba zibekhona, kusetyenziswa indlela yoonxantathu be-vertex yokwakha iimephu zomhlaba kwisikali sommandla kunye nesizwe.
E-Spain kukho ngaphezulu kwe-11.000 yeendawo ze-geodetic ezisasaziweyo kwaye zonke zigcinwa liZiko leLizwe leJografi. Zonke ezi zinto zisecaleni ziyinxalenye yeNational National Geodetic Network kwaye zenze into ebonakalayo kwi-European Datum 1950 (ED50) Geodetic Reference System. Inethiwekhi ihlelwe ngokwamaqela amabini:
- Inethiwekhi yoku-odola yokuqala (RPO): inee-vertic ezingama-680 kunye nobude obungaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kweekhilomitha ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-40 phakathi kwazo.
- Inethiwekhi yoMyalelo osezantsi (i-ROI): Le ntaka inezandi ezimalunga ne-11.000 kunye nobude obumalunga neekhilomitha ezisi-7 phakathi kwazo. Kunokuthiwa kukho indawo enye ye-geodetic nganye yeekhilomitha ezingama-45.
Indawo yeGeodeic kunye ne geodesy
Ii-geodeic vertices ze-RPO zenziwe intsika yesilinda emalunga neesentimitha eziyi-120 ukuphakama kwaye malunga neesentimitha ezingama-40 ububanzi. Isiseko esakhelwe kuso sinobuso beemitha ezi-3 zesikwere. Kwelinye icala, ezo ze-ROI zidityaniswe ngentsika ye-120 yeemitha ukuphakama kunye neesentimitha ezingama-30 ububanzi. Zibekwe kwisiseko semitha enye yesikwere. Ukongeza, banolwazi malunga nokukhuselwa kwakho kunye nolungelelwaniso lwendawo yakho.
Iziseko ezibonakalayo kunye nezibalo eziyimfuneko ukufumana ezi datha zenza i-geodey isayensi esisiseko esifanelekileyo kolunye uqeqesho. Ukuma komhlaba, imephu, ukuhamba ngenjineli, ubunjineli, ifotoogmetry, inkqubo yolwazi ngokuma komhlaba kunye nezinye iinjongo zomkhosi ziyondliwa zivela kwi-geodesy. Ukuba sikuhlalutya konke oku ngokombono wento yesifundo sibona ukuba ukwahlulwa kungamiselwa kubuchule obahlukeneyo obuxanduva lwe geodey.
Iindidi ze geodey
Namhlanje, phantse nawuphina umsebenzi onento yokwenza nolu qeqesho ufuna ungenelelo lweqela lezi zahluli. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izigaba kunye neokwahluka kwe geodey:
- IiJometri zejometri: inoxanduva lokumisela ubungakanani beeplanethi yoMhlaba kwezona geometri zayo. Oku kubandakanya ukumisela ulungelelwaniso lwamanqaku kumphezulu womhlaba.
- Indawo yomzimba: linoxanduva lokufunda umhlaba womhlaba womxhuzulane kunye nazo zonke iiyantlukwano ezenzekayo. Ikwajongene nokufunda ulwandle kunye nolwandle kunye nolwalamano nomxholo wokuphakama.
- I-Geodesic astronomy: Kuluxanduva lokumisela ulungelelwaniso lobuso bomhlaba apho imilinganiselo yeenkwenkwezi inokwenziwa khona.
- Indawo geodesyumisela indawo yolungelelwaniso kwimilinganiselo eyenziwe kwiisathelayithi ezingezizo kunye nezinye izinto zendalo okanye ezingezizo ezibekwe ngaphandle kweplanethi yethu.
- Unyango oluncinciLo ngumahluko oxanduva lokulinganisa ukusilela kwezakhiwo zomsebenzi woluntu okanye iindawo ezincinci zomhlaba. Olu phuculo lulinganiswa ngobuchule obuphezulu be-geodetic.
Ukubaluleka kwenqaku le geodetic
Xa sijonga umzobo woMhlaba kwaye singabandakanyi ubume bendawo okanye ubume bangaphandle, siyabona ukuba iyafana nenkcazo ye-geoid. I-geoid ayisiyonto ingaphezulu kwenqanaba lomxhobiso womhlaba womhlaba womxhuzulane. Ukubaluleka kwenqaku le-geodetic kuxhomekeke ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi yezikhululo ezisisigxina. Iinjongo zale nethiwekhi eziphuhliswe ukusukela ngo-1998 yiGeodesy Area yeZiko leSizwe lezeJografi zezi zilandelayo:
- Fumana lonke ulungelelwaniso ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokuchaneka kunye neendawo zesantya phantse kuwo onke amanqaku kwinethiwekhi.
- Yenza igalelo kwinkcazo yeNkqubo eNtsha yeZalathiso zeHlabathi kummandla wesizwe.
- Sebenzisa idatha efunyenweyo ukwenza iirekhodi. Ezi rekhodi ziya kusetyenziswa kwezinye izifundo kwicandelo le-geodynamics, troposphere, ionosphere, meteorology, njl.
- Inethiwekhi esisiseko inokuchazwa ukuxhasa usetyenziso lwexesha langempela.
- Unika idatha ye-geodetic, i-topographic, i-cartographic kunye nemisebenzi yokubeka indawo.
Enkosi kuthungelwano lokuhambisa la manqaku, iimephu zokwenziwa komhlaba zinokwenziwa kwinqanaba lommandla kunye nelizwe. Nangona ekuboneni kuqala kubonakala ngathi ziingceba zekhonkrithi ngaphandle kwexabiso, xa uhamba intaba kwaye ufikelela kwindawo ephezulu uya kubona indawo ye-geodeic.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nenqaku le-geodetic kunye neempawu zayo.