El Inkqubo yase-Iberia Yenye yeendlela eziphambili zeentaba eSpain. Ime kumbindi wePeninsula yase-Iberia, kodwa ngaphakathi koLuntu lwaseValencia ukuya empuma, ifikelela phantse kunxweme lweMeditera, indawo enkulu kunye nentsonkothileyo yeentaba. Ukusuka kwimbono ye-hydrological, le nkqubo ibalulekile kwi-Peninsula yase-Iberia, njengoko ihlula i-hydrological bases yeninzi yemilambo emikhulu eSpain nasePortugal.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga nazo zonke iimpawu kunye nokubaluleka kweNkqubo ye-Iberia.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ukuphela kwentshona yeNkqubo ye-Iberia kunqunyulwa yiCentral Plateau, eyahlula kwi-Ebro Valley kunye nonxweme lweMeditera. Inkqubo ibekwe ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-500 ukuya kumntla-ntshona-mpuma phakathi kwentlambo yase-Ebro kunye nethafa eliphakathi kweMeseta, ukusuka kwipaseji yaseLa Breba kwiphondo laseBurgos, kufuphi neeNtaba zeCantabrian, ukuya kwiMeditera kufuphi neValencia, emazantsi nasempuma yeTortosa kunye ne-Ebro Delta. Inkqubo ye-Prebético inyukela kumzantsi weyona ndlela isezantsi yenkqubo yase-Iberia.
I-geology ye-Iberian system intsonkothile kuba kunzima ukuyichaza njengenkqubo ye-homogeneous. Yenziwe ngoluhlu lweentaba ezingaqhelekanga kunye ne-heterogeneous, i-masifs, i-plateaus kunye ne-depressions ngaphandle kokwakheka okucacileyo kwe-petroloji eqhelekileyo. Ezinye iinxalenye zenkqubo zibekwe zodwa ngokwe-geologically, ziphazamisa ukuqhubeka kwayo yonke into, idibanisa namanye amacandelo ngamathafa obude obahlukeneyo.
Imimandla emikhulu ye-Iberia Cordillera iye yanabemi kakhulu ukususela ngenkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Zininzi iidolophu ezinesiporho okanye iidolophu ezishiyiweyo ezisasazeke kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yaseIberia, ngakumbi kwiphondo laseTeruel. Namhlanje, inani elikhulu leedolophu ezisindileyo zinentsalela yabemi. Kwezinye iimeko, abemi abaninzi babengengobemi bomthonyama, kodwa abaphambukeli abavela eRomania babeqeshwa njengabasebenzi bezolimo.
Imfuduko esuka emaphandleni aseSpeyin yanda emva kwesicwangciso sikaNjengele Franco sokuzinzisa ngowe-1959. Inani labemi laye lehla kakhulu baza abantu bafudukela kwimimandla yemizi-mveliso kwizixeko ezikhulu nakwiidolophu eziselunxwemeni apho ukhenketho lwalusanda. Ezinye izizathu zokufuduka kwabantu abaninzi yayikukulahlwa kwezithethe zezolimo lulutsha lwasekuhlaleni, olufana nokufuya iigusha neebhokhwe, nto leyo eyayingundoqo woqoqosho lwelali, kunye nokutshintsha kwendlela yokuphila eyanwenwela kumaphandle aseSpeyin ngenkulungwane yesibini.
izilwanyana
Ukuchithwa okukhulu kwabantu kuthanda izilwanyana, yiyo loo nto enye yeekholoni zokugqibela zaseYurophu zegriffin condors ifunyenwe kwinkqubo yase-Iberia. Iingcuka neenkozi nazo zixhaphake ngakumbi kwimimandla esemagqagaleni ekwanti. Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezanyisayo, ibhokhwe yasezintabeni, ixhama, ihagu yasendle, imbila yaseYurophu, imfuza eqhelekileyo, njl.njl., zineendawo ezininzi zokuhlala kwezi ntaba ziyinkangala.
Ezona zirhubuluzi zixhaphakileyo kwinkqubo yaseIberia yiLepidoptera, Psammodromus algirus, Psammodromus hispanicus, Podarcis Muralis kunye nePodarcis hispánica, Chalcides chalcides, Chalcides bedriagai kunye neAnguis fragilis azixhaphakanga. Iinyoka zezi ntaba yiNatrix maura, Natrix natrix, Malpolon monspessulanus, Elaphe scalaris, Coronella girondica, Coronella austriaca kunye neVipera latastei.
Ezinye ii-amphibians zininzi kufuphi namachibi kunye nemilambo kuyo yonke inkqubo, njengeRana perezi, iBufo bufo, iBufo calamita, i-Alytes obstetricans, i-Triturus marmoratus kunye ne-Lissotriton helveticus, le yokugqibela nayo kwindawo ephakamileyo, emanzini aphakathi okanye asisigxina. Ezinye azixhaphakanga kangako, njengeHyla arborea kunye neSalamandra salamandra, kodwa zisaxhaphakile, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifumileyo zamahlathi. Nangona kunjalo, iPleurodeles waltl ayifane ifumaneke ezintabeni. Ii-invertebrates zasemanzini, kuquka i-Austropotamobius pallipes, i-crayfish, kunye neentlanzi ezithile ezifana ne-Salaria fluviatilis kunye ne-Cobitis paludica, zixhaphake kwiindawo eziphezulu zomlambo i-Sistema Ibérico. Eminye imisinga yasentabeni iphinde yatyalwa iitrout.
Kwinqanaba elomileyo lezinye iilali kwinkqubo, imisebenzi yemfuyo yemveli eyayibaluleke kakhulu embindini wePeninsula yase-Iberia isaphila. Bekukho nabanye abazingeli abebetyelela ezinye iintaba, ingakumbi ezo zikufutshane nesixeko, ngakumbi ngeempelaveki.
Uhlaza lweNkqubo ye-Iberia
Imigxobhozo inqabile kwi-Peninsula yase-Iberia, kodwa imigxobhozo enobude obuphezulu ibumba kwiindawo ezimbalwa zenkqubo yase-Iberia apho amanzi ahlala emile, njengeBronzales, kufuphi ne-Orihuela del Tremedal eyaziwa ngokuba yi-P.okanye ummandla weFuente del Hierro, ubude buphakathi kwe-1.400 kunye ne-1.550 yeemitha. Izityalo ezikhula kwezi bogs ubukhulu becala bubulembu obunoboya, i-Erectus vulgaris, i-Pinguicula vulgaris, iVaccinium myrtillus, i-Calluna vulgaris, kunye ne-Drosera rotundifolia, isityalo esitya inyama esingakhuli kumzantsi-ntshona weYurophu.
I-Cordilleras yeNkqubo ye-Iberia
Inkqubo yase-Iberia ibandakanya iintaba ezininzi kunye nobunzima:
- EyaseMantla: ISierra de la Demanda, Sierra de Neila, Mesa de Cebollera kunye nePicos de Urbión, ukuya emantla ntshona, Sierra de Alcarama, Sierra de Peñalmonte, Sierra de Moncalvillo kunye neMoncayo, ekwanti ukuya emantla, ihlala inencopho yekhephu ebusika, La Sierra I-Nava Alta kunye nokwandiswa kwayo ukuya ngasempuma.
- Bucala ngasekunene: Iintaba ezincinci kunye nezomileyo kufuphi nommandla wenguqu wenkqubo ephakathi, njengeSierra de Perdices, Sierra Ministra, Sierra de Calderas (Águila 1.443 m), Sierra de Pardos, Sierra de Miñana, Sierra de Solorio, Sierra de Selas (Aragoncillo 1.517 m). ) kunye neParameras de Molina (i-High Landmark 1.408 m).
- Ephakathi: Iintaba ezininzi kumbindi wenkqubo, njengeSierra de la Virgen, Sierra de Vicort, Sierra de Algairén, Sierra de Santa Cruz, Sierra de Cucalón, Sierra de Herrera, Sierra de San Just, Sierra de Lidón kunye neSierra Palomé Pull, njl.
- Umzantsi-ntshona: Serranía de Cuenca, Sierra Menera, Sierra de Albarracín, Montes de Picaza (Colmenarejo 1426 m), Montes Universales kunye Sierra de Mira.
- Emazantsi mpuma: Sierra de Javalambre, Sierra del Toro, Sierra de Gúdar, Sierra de Mayabona, Sierra de Camarena, Sierra de Sollavientos, Sierra del Rayo kunye neSierra de Pina.
- Bucala ngasekhohlo: iintaba ezingena kuLwandle lweMeditera, phakathi kwazo kukho iMaestrat okanye iMaestrazgo kunye nePenyagolosa massifs, iSierra de la Lastra, Sierra de los Caballos, Sierra de Garrocha, Sierra de la Canada, Sierra Carrascosa, Ports de Morella, Serra de la Creu. . de la Vall d'Àngel, iSierra de Cervera, iSerra de Sant Pere, iSerra Calderona kunye neenduli zeSerra d'Espadà ekupheleni kwempuma.
- UMntla-mpuma: ummandla onzima weentaba odityaniswe neentaba zamandulo zonxweme lwaseCatalan, kuquka iintaba zaseTortosa-Bercet naseBenifasa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neNkqubo ye-Iberia kunye neempawu zayo.