Kuqhelekile ukubona iintsapho ezininzi ezihlala ezilalini okanye ezinezindlu zokuya kuzo ngeempelaveki. Ngexesha leenyanga zobusika xa amaqondo obushushu ephantsi kakhulu, kusetyenziswa izitovu zokhuni namalahle ukufudumeza indlu. Nangona kunjalo, eli siko lasekhaya lineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha nge Impembelelo kwindalo nakwizitovu zamalahle kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kunye nezinye iindlela ezinokubakho zokujongana nayo. Ngaba uyafuna ukufunda ngakumbi ngale ngxaki yokusingqongileyo? Qhubeka ufunda.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezitovu zomthi
Iinkuni ziye zasetyenziswa kwimbali ukufudumeza amakhaya kwihlabathi liphela xa amaqondo obushushu esezantsi. Ithathelwa ingqalelo njengohlobo lobutyebi bendalo obukhutshwe kwindalo kwaye, ngokutsha kwayo, businika ubushushu obaneleyo bokulwa nengqele yasebusika. Ukusetyenziswa kweenkuni kuncamathisele izinto ezithile ezinje Yiba luqoqosho, indalo, intlalontle, ubugcisa, intlalo nenkcubeko.
Ngokuqhelekileyo bakhonza ukupheka kunye nokufudumeza ngaphandle kokubonelela ubudlelwane obuhle boluntu. Ngubani ongathandi ukuchitha impelaveki emnandi ejikelezwe ngabathandekayo kwindlu esemaphandleni eneziko lomlilo phakathi kobusika. Inyani yile yokuba yimeko emnandi kakhulu apho ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwasasazeka eluntwini. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo nokusasazekayo kolu hlobo lwesitovu kunokuba yingxaki yongcoliseko.
Okwangoku kalusizi olona setyenziso lwamandla luvela kumafutha efosili. Le yimithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo kwaye yenziwa ngeenkqubo ezinde zokubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Imithi yokubasa umlilo ifuna inkqubo yokutsha ukubonelela ngobushushu obufunekayo kwaye, ngale nkqubo, ikhupha uthotho lweegesi zegreenhouse ezinegalelo kubushushu behlabathi.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ekusetyenzisweni kweenkuni
Zombini izitovu zamalahle kunye namalahle yimithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo kwaye ke iyangcolisa xa isetyenziswa. Enye yezona ngxaki ziphambili ekusetyenzisweni kweenkuni kukuba inesiqulatho sealkali esiphezulu, ubuncinci bokufuma kunye nokungafani kobuninzi bezinto ezithi zibangele xa kusenzeka inkqubo yokutsha.
Kwaye xa sitshisa iinkuni asikhuphi kuphela ikharbon diokside kunye namanzi (njengakuwuphi na umlilo), kodwa ezinye iikhompawundi nazo ziyaveliswa. Phakathi kwezi zinto sifumana i-aldehydes, i-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-PAH's), iikhompawundi eziguqukayo ezinje nge-dioxins (eyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo nakwimo engqongileyo) ethathelwa ingqalelo njenge-mutagenic. Ezi dioxin zinobungakanani bomntu obunokuphefumla kwaye zinokuba negalelo kwizifo zofuzo.
Ezi zinto zikhutshwa xa kusitsha iinkuni ezitovini zichaphazela imeko-bume engqongileyo nayo yonke loo ndawo apho kufikelela khona iigesi. Ukongeza, ngaphakathi kwekhaya nako Inxalenye enkulu yezi gesi kunye nee dioxin ziyaphefumlwa ekhutshwe ngexesha lokutsha kweenkuni.
Impembelelo ebantwini
Izitovu zeenkuni zikhupha phakathi kwe-10 ne-180 iigram zekharbon monoksay nganye kwikhilogram yomthi osetyenzisiweyo. Le gesi ineziphumo ezibi ebantwini xa ixubana negazi. Sifumana iingxaki ezinjengokwehla kwamanqanaba eoksijini, echaphazela intliziyo. Ukuba ukugxila kuphakama, sinako Ukuphulukana nokuqonda kunye nokonakala kwengqondo kukhokelela ekufeni. Ezi meko zetyhefu ye-carbon monoxide zaziwa ngokuba kukufa okuyi-placid, kuba awazi xa uzityhefu ngokwakho.
Enye igesi ekhutshwa xa kusitsha kwisitovu somthi yi-nitrogen dioxide. Kule meko, ingxaki ivela xa ivezwa ixesha elide, ibangela izifo zokuphefumla, ngakumbi ebantwaneni. Sifumana iimeko ezininzi apho iintsapho zisebenzisa olu hlobo lwesitovu ixesha elide okanye zandise ubusika bonke. Njengoko behlala besithi, yidosi ebangela ityhefu.
Ngexesha lokutsha kweenkuni, isalfure dioxide ikwakhutshwa ethi ithi, xa iphantsi koxinzelelo, ivelisa ukukhwehlela, ukuxinana kwesifuba, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga, kunye ne-bronchitis. Ezi zinto zinomoya zinokubangela inyumoniya kunye nesifuba.
Imiba yezentlalo kunye ne-ecosystem
Ngokucacileyo akukho nto izakwenzeka ukuba ihambe impela-veki kwaye ibephantsi kobushushu enisinikwa sisitovu senkuni okanye samalahle. Kodwa ukuba ukubonakaliswa kuhlala ixesha elide kakhulu, kulapho iingxaki ziza khona. Nangona kunjalo, iimpembelelo eziveliswe kwindalo esingqongileyo zibangelwa linani lamakhaya asezilalini anolu hlobo lokufudumeza ebusika kwaye hayi kangako rhoqo.
Indlu enye inokuba nesitovu seenkuni esebenzayo iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki apho impembelelo iya kuba mbalwa. Kodwa kwanele oko Izindlu ezingama-200 zinazo kwimpelaveki enye ukuze ukukhutshwa kwegesi kubonakale.
Imiba ye-ecosystem ibhekisa kwezi zinto zendalo ezinokonakaliswa kukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwesitovu. Kuya kufuneka sihlalutye ixabiso lendalo yemimandla esikuyo, kuba ifuthe lokusingqongileyo alinakwenziwa apho kungekho xabiso khona. Uhlaza kunye nezilwanyana kunye ne-hydrology kunye ne-geology yommandla zizinto ezichonga ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Iindlela ezizezinye
Ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeenkuni kunye nezitovu zamalahle kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, sifumana ezinye iindlela ezininzi. Enye yazo zizitovu zepellet. Nangona isasebenza njengamafutha ebiomass, ikwenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ipelete inegalelo kumlilo ococekileyo kwaye izitovu zilungiselelwe ukuba zingakhuphi iigesi ngaphakathi kwekhaya. Ezi gesi zithunyelwa ngaphandle.
Enye indlela zizitovu zebioethanol. Oku kusebenza ngokutshiswa kotywala obusulungekileyo obuvela kwiimveliso zezolimo ezinje ngeetapile, ummoba, umbona nerhasi. Olu hlobo lwesitovu lunethuba lokulawula ubushushu esinokubukhupha.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nefuthe lokusingqongileyo.