Enye yemozulu ekhoyo kwiplanethi eneemeko ezibi kakhulu yile Imozulu yasentlango. Kubonakala ikakhulu ngokuba nenxalenye enkulu yembalela ebangelwa kukunqongophala kwemvula ngonyaka. Luhlobo lwemozulu apho inkqubo yomphunga kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bulawula. Ezi nkqubo zendalo ziyilwe ngokuhamba kweminyaka ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu ezivelise ezi mpawu zahlukileyo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, imvelaphi kunye nokubaluleka kwemozulu yasentlango.
Imozulu yasentlango
Kwimozulu yasentlango, kulawula inkqubo yomphunga. Kukulahleka kokufuma okubekwe kwindawo umphezulu ngenxa yokonyuka kolophu okubangelwa yimitha yelanga kunye namaqondo obushushu anyukayo. Kongezelelwa koku ukubila okuncinci okukhoyo kumanzi ezityalo. Into yokuvela komphunga ibangela ukuba isixa semvula sihlale ku Ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu unyaka wonke. Amaxabiso ahlala kuma-250 mm ngonyaka. Yidatha okanye inqabile, ebonisa ukungabikho kotyani kunye nokufuma kwindalo esingqongileyo. Enye yezona ndawo zaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni njengemeko yemozulu yintlango yintlango yaseSahara.
Le nkqubo ye-evapotranspiration ikwenzeka ngenxa yelungiselelo apho ubonelelo lubekwe khona. Kungenzeka ukuba iintlango ezithile ezikufutshane nemisinga ebandayo yolwandle zithintela okanye zithintele umphunga, oko ke konakalisa amanqanaba okufuma apheleleyo. Izinto esizikhankanyileyo zezo zivelisa indalo eyaziwayo njengeentlango zonxweme.
Imozulu yentlango ibonakala ngokuhlala kufutshane neetropiki. Ububanzi apho uninzi lwentlango lufumaneka khona bujikeleze i-15 kunye ne-35 degrees. Kuzo zonke ezi ndawo kukho imizekelo yazo zombini izilwanyana nezilwanyana eziye zaqhelaniswa neemeko ezigabadeleyo ezikhoyo. Ezi ntlobo zivelisa uhlengahlengiso kule ndlela yokuphila ngamawaka eminyaka ngenkqubo yendaleko. Kuye kwafuneka bahlengahlengise ukukhula kweempawu ezithile ukuze bakwazi ukulwa nokungabikho kwamanzi kunye neqondo lobushushu.
Xa sibhekisa kwezinye iintlango, zinokudityaniswa nesixa esikhulu sentlabathi kunye namaqondo obushushu ashushu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, Imozulu yentlango imozulu eyomileyo inokukhula ngokugqibeleleyo e-Antarctica nakwindawo esemantla yeArctic. Kwaye imeko yemozulu yasentlango ayigubungelwanga kuphela entlango, kodwa ixhomekeke ikakhulu kubumanzi.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Olu hlobo lwemozulu lunokwenzeka kwiindawo ezibandayo kuba ifumana ukufuma okuncinci kwaye ifunyenwe ngohlobo lwekhephu. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba iimvula kwezi mozulu zenzeka manqaphanqapha, yiyo loo nto izibonakalisa ngohlobo lwesaqhwithi sombane. Emva kokuba inkqubo yemvula yenzeke, imilambo kunye nomhlaba badumbe ngamanzi njengoko bengenako ukungena. Kulapho apho umphezulu wokubaleka udlala indima ebalulekileyo kunikezelo lwamanzi. Ezi mvula zithatha iiyure ezimbalwa kuphela kwaye kwenzeka into enye nangomhlaba obalekayo. Ngokunikwa ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nohlobo lomhlaba, amanzi adla ngokonyuka lula ngomphunga.
Phakathi kweempawu ezime kakuhle kwimozulu yasentlango sifumana ukunqongophala kokufuma. Olona phawu lubalasele kolu hlobo lwemozulu. Ukomisa kuza kuqala kwezi ndawo. Asingomhlaba owomileyo kuphela, kodwa nomoya. Imimandla emininzi enemozulu eyintlango inepesenti ephezulu yophuko kunemvula. Konke oku kukhokelela kwilahleko yomnatha yokufuma. Kwezinye iintlango ezishushu, imvula iyakwazi ukuba ngumphunga ngaphambi kokuba ifike emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, xa ezinye iziqendu zemvula ezinamandla zisenzeka, zihlala zenza ukugqabhuka kobomi bezityalo nobezilwanyana. Siyabulela oku, ezinye iindawo zentlango zinokuqwalaselwa ezingasokiyo kwaphela.
Ubushushu nengqele zezinye zeempawu ezimbini ezenza ukuba imozulu yentlango ibonakale. Kwaye kukuba ngelixa ezinye iintlango zihlala zinjalo unyaka wonke, ezinye iindawo ezomileyo zinobusika obubandayo kunye nehlobo elishushu. Kukho neentlango ezinesimo sokushisa sosuku esichaziweyo phakathi kwemini nobusuku. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke le nto, amaqondo obushushu asebusika afumanekayo kwezi ndawo awasondeli naphantsi kwengqele. Ngesi sizathu, nangona kukho ubusuku obubandayo, kuba akukho zityalo zigcina ubushushu obufunyenwe emini, amaxabiso asezantsi awabhalwa.
Bangena ngokulandelelana kwayo yonke le nto, umhambi ongalungiselelwanga akanakho ukubonakaliswa kwimozulu eyomileyo kuba inokubonakala ngenxa yokubetha kobushushu emini okanye ukubulawa yihypothermia ebusuku.
Imozulu yentlango
Kule mozulu yemozulu umphunga mkhulu kunemvula. Umgangatho womphunga unexabiso elingaphezulu kwelomgangatho wemvula. Yiyo le nto eyenza ukuba umhlaba ungakuvumeli ukumitha kobomi bezityalo. Kwiindawo zoMbindi Mpuma zinemilinganiselo yeesentimitha ezingama-20 zemvula ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani bonyuka komphunga budlula iisentimitha ezingama-200. Oku kuthetha ukuba inqanaba lonyuko lonyuka ukuya kumaxesha angama-10 ngaphezulu kunamazinga emvula. Ngenxa yoku, ukufuma iphantsi kakhulu.
Amaqondo obushushu aphakathi ale mimandla yomileyo yi-18 degrees. Eli xabiso lobushushu liyatshintsha iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku. Unokufumana amaxabiso ukuya kuthi ga kwiidigri ezingama-30. Zonke izinto ezilahlekileyo zibangelwa kukunqongophala kwezityalo ezinokulawula amaqondo obushushu kakuhle. Ke ngoko, umhlaba ushushu kakhulu emini kwaye ubanda kakhulu ebusuku.
Ngokubhekisele kwimvula, ayinqongophele nje kuphela kodwa ikwakhona okungaqhelekanga. Yonke le meko ibangelwa yimpembelelo eqhubekayo kodwa ebizwa ngokuba zii-anticyclone zetropiki. Kwimimandla eyomileyo ngakumbi, kukho iinyanga ezomileyo kodwa zikwanazo neenyanga zemvula. Kwiintlango rhoqo ngenyanga enyakeni bahlala bomile. Ukuzikisa, xa kusenzeka, kwenzeka njengeemvula ezinkulu. La manzi ahlala ondisa imilambo yasentlango eyaziwa ngegama le-wadis. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imvula ininzi, nangona imfutshane, ayinakufika elwandle okoko yomileyo ngaphambi kokugqiba uhambo. Iimbadada zihlala zomile ixesha elininzi enyakeni.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nemozulu yasentlango kunye neempawu zayo.