Elinye lawona manani anomdla ekuhambeni kwehlabathi liphela ngala Imigca yeNazca. Ezi zi-geoglyphs ezindala kakhulu ezikwisebe lase-Peru leIca. Ezi geoglyphs zadalwa yinkcubeko yangaphambi kweColumbian Nazca ephuculwe phakathi kwenkulungwane yokuqala neye-XNUMX AD. Ngeli xesha sasinenkcubeko eyayibalasele ngokuba nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kwiiseramiki nasematyeni nasemhlabeni ngokwawo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga nemigca yeNazca kunye nembali yabo.
Zithini iilayini zeNazca
Amathafa asentlango akwezi ndawo ayaziwa ngegama leepampas. Zibekwe kwizixeko zaseNazca nasePalpa kwaye ziye zamkelwa kwihlabathi liphela ngokuba nenani elikhulu lamanani emigca entlango. Kutsho ukubonakaliswa zibizwa ngokuba zii-geoglyphs. Xa sithetha ngeegeoglyphs sibhekisa kumanani akhiwe emathafeni okanye kumathambeka.
Le migca imele izityalo kunye nezilwanyana kunye nezinye iimilo zejiyometri ezinje nge-spirals, trapezoids, oonxantathu kunye ne-zigzags, phakathi kwezinye. Ubungakanani bemigca yeNazca ihlala ihluka kakhulu. Kuba ezinye zazo zinkulu kakhulu, azinakuqondwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba sizibona sisemhlabeni. Kuphela kunxweme lwasePeruvia Kufike kwiindawo ezingama-40 ezineegeoglyphs. Kwaye le yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ngaphambi kweSpanishi kwimbali.
Into yokuba zininzi iindawo ezineegeoglyphs ibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezi zinto kubonakaliswa kwakuyinto exhaphakileyo nexhaphakileyo phakathi kwamasiko amandulo aseAndes. Imizobo yemigca yeNazca igcinwe ikwimeko entle ukusukela ukuba indawo leyo yenziwe kuyo yindawo enobushushu obugqithisileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingcali zithi ezi geoglyphs ezinye iindlela zinxityiwe ngenxa yokuhamba kwabahambi ngeenyawo kunye nabakhenkethi. Imigca ilahlekelwe bubuhle bayo ngenkqubo ye-oxidation yommandla wentlango.
Ukufumanisa kunye nembali
Le migca ikhuselwe yimithetho yasePeruvia kwaye ithathwa njengeLifa leMveli leNkcubeko. Lo rhulumente ukhuselekileyo unoxanduva lokuthintela ukungena kwabantu kwezi ndawo ukunqanda ukonakala kunye nokuguqulwa kweefom. Enkosi kwizifundo ezaqala kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kwabakho ukufumanisa ukuba inkcubeko yeNazca yaqala malunga neminyaka engama-200 BC. Le yindlela esahlulahlula inkcubeko yeNazca kula manqaku mathathu: I-Nazca yokuqala (50-300 AD), i-Middle Nazca (300-450 AD) kunye neLate Nazca (450-650 AD).
Kuyaziwa ukuba le nkcubeko yandulelwa yinkcubeko yeParacas kwiminyaka yamva. Iingcali ezijolise kwimizamo yazo yokufunda imvelaphi kunye nenkcubeko ye-Nazca ithi ayiziziphumo zokufuduka kwabanye abantu abangabamelwane. Ukucaciswa kwezi geoglyphs sisiphelo senkqubo ebanzi yophuhliso lwenkcubeko kuyo yonke indawo yeAndes.
Indawo yonke apho Iigeoglyphs ziyanda yintlango kwaye ziyahambelana nentlango yaseAtacama. Yenye yeendawo ezomileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngenxa yoko, kunokusekwa ukuba ubume bendawo bubonakaliswa ngokuba neendawo ezininzi zomhlaba. Kwelinye icala, sinamathafa abanzi anezinto zentlenga ezifakwe kule minyaka idlulileyo. Kwelinye icala, sinolunye uhlobo lwembonakalo yomhlaba apho sifumana iintlambo ezinamhlaba ochumileyo osebenza njengesiqithi phakathi kwale mimandla yomileyo.
Ukufunyanwa kwemigca yeNazca
Enkosi kumathambo kunye neefosili eziye zafunyanwa, iingcali ziye zafumanisa ukuba iiNazcas ziya kuba nempilo entle kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwazo lubulewe yimingxunya kunye nesifo sephepha. Ngaphandle kokuba abantu bephilile, Ixesha lokuphila lalilifutshane kakhulu. Kwakungekho bantu baninzi ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Ukuseka ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nale nkcubeko, amangcwaba ahlukeneyo aneempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nenani leminikelo afunyenwe. Oku kusivumela ukuba siqinisekise ukuba inkcubeko yeNazca yayinomahluko oqinisekileyo kwezentlalo.
Le dolophu ayizange yakhe naluphi na uhlobo lodonga okanye ukhuseleko, ke oko kulandela ukuba bekungafanelekanga ukuba kubekho naluphi na uhlobo lweemfazwe, kodwa bebehlala ngoxolo. Izindlu zazenziwe nge-quincha, ngeengcongolo nangomthi.
Kwiindawo apho imigca yeNazca ifunyenwe sinemihlaba ethile engcwele. Kwaye kukuba abakhweli beenqwelomoya ngonyaka we-1930 baqale ukufumanisa ezi fom zimangalisayo zazisenza izinja, iinkawu kunye ne-hummingbirds, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Kuvela apha ukuba imfihlakalo yemigca yeNazca yazalwa. Emva kwexesha yaba yindawo enomtsalane yabakhenkethi.
Iigeoglyphs zigcinwe zibulela kumswakama ophantsi entlango, evelisa ukhukuliseko oluncinci kakhulu. Siyazi ukuba iiarhente zejoloji ezigqiba ukonakalisa iindawo ngumoya namanzi. Kwintlango ye-Atacama kukho izaqhwithi zesanti, kodwa khange zibekho. Kwaye ke ukuba ezi nkqwithela zicocekile kwaye zithathe isanti ebekwe ematyeni, zenza ukuba iigeoglyphs zibonwe ngcono.
I-geoglyphs yokuqala
Iigeoglyphs zokuqala ezitsaliwe babonakaliswa ngokuba yimizobo yabantu, izilwanyana kunye nezinye izinto ezingaphezu kwendalo. Ngokunokwenzeka onke la manani asetyenziswa njengohlobo lwendlela ebambe imimandla esemantla kunye neendawo ezisemazantsi. Kummandla osemantla, iintsalela zezindlu ezahlukeneyo ezazakhiwe ngaphezulu komgca zifunyenwe. Oku kungabonisa ukuba inkcubeko yeNazca ngokwayo ayikhange ibeke ukubaluleka kule migca.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nemigca yeNazca kunye nembali yazo.