Isikali 1 eMhlabeni sithetha ngeYunithi ye-Astronomical Unit (AU), ongumgama osuka eMhlabeni uye eLangeni. Umzekelo weSaturn, 1 AU = umphinda-phinde ka-10 umgama phakathi koMhlaba neLanga.
Ilifu lase-Oort, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi «ikpik-Oort ilifu», lilifu elingaqhelekanga lezinto ze-trans-Neptunian. Ayinakubonwa ngokuthe ngqo. Ime kwimida yenkqubo yethu yelanga. Kwaye ngobukhulu bonyaka o-1 wokukhanya, ikota yomgama ukusuka kweyona nkwenkwezi yethu ikufutshane ukuya kwinkqubo yethu yelanga, iProxima Centauri. Ukufumana umbono wobungakanani bayo ngokubhekisele kwilanga, siza kunika iinkcukacha ngedatha ethile.
SineMercury, iVenus, uMhlaba kunye noMars, ngolandelelwano, ngokubhekisele kwiLanga. Kuthatha imizuzu esi-8 kunye nemizuzwana eli-19 kwimitha yelanga ukufikelela emhlabeni. Ngaphaya, phakathi kweMars neJupiter, sifumana ibhanti yeasteroid. Emva kweli bhanti, kuza iigesi ezi-4, iJupiter, iSaturn, iUranus neNeptune. I-Neptune iphantse ibe ngama-30 amaxesha kude neLanga njengoMhlaba ochaphazelekayo. Ukukhanya kwelanga kuthatha malunga neeyure ezi-4 kunye nemizuzu eli-15 ukufika. Ukuba sithathela ingqalelo iplanethi yethu kude neLanga, Imida yelifu lase-Oort iya kuba ngamawaka angama-2.060 umgama osuka eLangeni uye eNeptune.
Buvela phi ubukho bayo?
Ngo-1932, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi u-Erns Öpik, ubeka ukuba ii-comets ezijikeleza ixesha elide zivela kwilifu elikhulu ngaphaya kwemida yenkqubo yelanga. Ngo-1950 isazi ngeenkwenkwezi uJan Oort, wafaka ithiyori ngokuzimela ekhokelela kwindida. UJan Oort uqinisekisile ukuba ii-meteorites ngekhe zabakho kumjikelezo wazo wangoku, ngenxa yeziganeko zeenkwenkwezi ezibalawulayo, ke waqinisekisa ukuba iindlela zabo kunye nazo zonke kufuneka zigcinwe kwilifu elikhulu. Kwezi zazi ngeenkwenkwezi zibini, eli lifu likhulu lifumana igama lalo.
U-Oort uphande phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini zee-comets. Abo bane-orbit engaphantsi kwe-10AU kwaye abo banee-orbits zexesha elide (phantse isotropic), ezingaphezulu kwe-1.000AU, zide zifike kwi-20.000. Uye wabona, ukuba bonke bevela ngaphi na. Oku kwamvumela ukuba abone ukuba, ukuba beza zivela macala onke, ilifu eliqikelelwayo bekuya kufuneka libeyimbumba.
Yintoni ekhoyo kwaye ngaba ilifu lase-Oort liyajikeleza?
Ngokwe-hypotheses ye Imvelaphi yelifu lase-Oort, ikwimo yenkqubo yethu yelanga, kunye nokungqubana okukhulu okukhoyo kunye nezinto ezikhutshiweyo. Izinto eziyenzileyo zayilwa ngokusondeleyo kwiLanga ekuqalekeni kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, isenzo somxhuzulane weeplanethi ezinkulu nazo zigqwethe iindlela zazo, zibathumela kwiindawo ezikude apho bakhoyo.
Ukujikeleza kwe-comet, ukulingiswa kwe-NASA
Kwilifu le-Oort, sinako ukwahlula iinxalenye ezimbini:
- Ngaphakathi / Ilifu lokuPhumela ngaphakathi: Ikwanomxhuzulane onxulumana neLanga. Ikwabizwa ngokuba liLifu leNduli, imile okwe disk. Ilinganisa phakathi kwama-2.000 ukuya kuma-20.000 XNUMX AU.
- Ilifu lase-Oort elingaphandle: Ukubonakala kwembonakalo, okunxulumene kakhulu nezinye iinkwenkwezi kunye nomjelo wegalactic, oguqula imijikelezo yeeplanethi ezenza ukuba zijikeleze ngakumbi. Amanyathelo aphakathi kwama-20.000 kunye nama-50.000 AU. Kuya kufuneka yongezwe ukuba ngowona mda womxhuzulane welanga.
Ilifu lase-Oort lilonke, liquka zonke iiplanethi kwinkqubo yethu yelanga, iiplanethi ezincinci, iimeteorites, ii-comets, ukuya kuthi ga kwiibhiliyoni zezidalwa zasezulwini ngaphezulu kwe-1,3 km ububanzi. Ngaphandle kokuba nenani elikhulu kangaka lezidalwa zasezulwini, umgama phakathi kwabo uqikelelwa kumashumi ezigidi zeekhilomitha. Ubunzima obupheleleyo obuya kuba bungaziwa, Kodwa besenza uqikelelo, ngokuba ngumzekelo weHalley's Comet, Kuqikelelwa malunga ne-3 × 10 ^ 25kg, oko kukuthi, malunga namaxesha ama-5 kwiplanethi yoMhlaba.
Iziphumo zeTidal kwiLifu lase-Oort nasemhlabeni
Ngendlela efanayo ukuba iNyanga inamandla kwiilwandle, iphakamisa umsinga, kuye kwagqitywa ukuba Ngokubonakalayo le nto iyenzeka. Umgama phakathi komzimba kunye nomnye unciphisa ubunzima obuya kuthintela omnye. Ukuqonda into ekumele ichazwe, sinokujonga kumandla obunzima beNyanga kunye neLanga emhlabeni. Kuxhomekeka kwindawo apho iNyanga inxulumene nelanga kunye neplanethi yethu, amaza ayahluka ngobukhulu. Ukulungelelaniswa neLanga kuchaphazela ubunzima obunje kwiplanethi yethu obuchaza ukuba kutheni ulwandle luphakama kakhulu.
Kwimeko yeLifu lase-Oort, masithi limele ulwandle lweplanethi yethu. KUNYE iMilky Way iza kumela iNyanga. Eso sisiphumo somoya. Into evelisayo, njengenkcazo yemizobo, sisiphambuko esiya kumbindi womnyele wethu. Ukuthatha ingqalelo yokuba amandla omxhuzulane weLanga esiya esiba buthathaka ekuqhubekeni sisuka kuwo, eli qela lincinci lanele ukuphazamisa ukuhamba kweminye imibutho yasezulwini, ibangele ukuba ibuyiselwe eLangeni.
Imijikelo yokuphela kweentlobo kwiplanethi yethu
Into eye yakwazi ukungqinisiswa zizazinzulu yile rhoqo kwizigidi ezingama-26 zeminyaka phantse, kukho indlela ephindayo. Imalunga nokupheliswa kwenani lezinto eziphilayo kula maxesha. Nangona unobangela wale nto ayinakuchazwa ngokuqinisekileyo. Iziphumo zokuhamba kwamanqina eMilky Way kwilifu le-Oort inokuba yingcinga eqikelelwayo.
Ukuba sithathela ingqalelo ukuba iLanga lijikeleza kumnyele, kwaye ekujikelezeni kwawo kuthanda ukudlula kwi "galactic plane" ngesiqhelo, le mijikelo yokuphela inokuchazwa.
Kubaliwe ukuba rhoqo kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kuma-25 yezigidi zeminyaka, ilanga lidlula kwinqwelomoya. Xa oko kusenzeka, amandla omxhuzulane aqhutywa yindiza yegalactic aya kuba anele ukuphazamisa lonke i-Oort Cloud. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba ingangcangcazela kwaye iphazamise amalungu emibutho ngaphakathi kwelifu. Uninzi lwazo lwaluya kutyhiliselwa emva eLangeni.
Ithiyori eyahlukileyo
Ezinye izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zijonga ukuba iLanga sele likufuphi ngokwaneleyo kule nqwelomoya. Kwaye ingqwalaselo abayizisayo yile Ukuphazamiseka kunokuvela kwiingalo ezijikelezayo ze-galaxy. Kuyinyani ukuba zininzi ii-molecular clouds, kodwa nazo zizele ziingxilimbela eziluhlaza. Ziinkwenkwezi ezinkulu kakhulu kwaye zinobomi obufutshane kakhulu, kuba zikhawuleza zisebenzise amafutha enyukliya. Yonke iminyaka embalwa yezigidi Ezinye izigebenga eziluhlaza ziyaqhuma, zibangele i-supernovae. Oko kungachaza ukungcangcazela okunamandla okuya kuchaphazela i-Oort Cloud.
Nokuba kunjani na, asinako ukukubona ngamehlo. Kodwa iplanethi yethu isengqolowa yesanti engapheliyo. Ukusuka kwiNyanga ukuya kumnyele wethu, bachaphazele imvelaphi yabo, ubomi kunye nobomi obunyamezelwe yiplanethi yethu. Inani elikhulu lezinto ezenzekayo ngoku, ngaphaya kwento esinokuyibona.