I-Italian Alessandro Volta idale into ebizwa ngokuba yi-volta ibhetri, ukuqhubela phambili okubalulekileyo kwisayensi, ekubeni ngokokuqala ngqa kwimbali waguqula amandla ekhemikhali abe ngumbane ngokusebenzisa inkqubo emfutshane yeekhemikhali, ngaloo ndlela evelisa umsinga ozinzileyo. I Ibhayografi ka-alessandro volta uqokelela isishwankathelo sazo zonke izenzo zakhe kunye negalelo lakhe kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi kunye nobudlelwane bakhe bobuqu kunye nendaleko kubomi bakhe bonke.
Kweli nqaku siza kugxila ekuxeleleni ngokweenkcukacha i-biography ka-Alessandro Volta kunye negalelo lakhe elingcono kwisayensi.
Ubomi buka-Alessandro Volta
U-Alessandro Volta wayengusosayensi wase-Italiya owaziwa kakhulu ngokuphuhlisa i-accumulator (ekwaziwa njengeseli okanye ibhetri) kwiminyaka yoo-1800. Wazalwa ngoFebruwari 18, 1745 kwintsapho ecebileyo eComo, kumantla eItali. Njengabahlanu kubantakwabo abasithoba, uyise ngelo xesha, kunye nabanye oomalume bakhe, wayeza kulungiselela umsebenzi wecawa, ngoko abazali bakhe (uFilippo Volta noMaria Maddalena (ovela eConti Inzaghi) bamthumela kwikholeji yamaJesuit. ngo 1758..
Nangona kunjalo, uAlessandro Volta wayenomdla kakhulu kwinzululwazi kunabefundisi, ingakumbi umbane, owawungafane ufundwe. Emva kokugqiba izifundo zakhe ngo-1760, waqhubeka efunda kwaye efunda imisebenzi yezazinzulu ezidumileyo ezifana noGiambatista Beccaria, uPieter van Musschenbroek okanye uJean-Antoine Nollet, waza wadibana nabo ngokobuqu. Ngokukodwa kunye noBeccaria, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseTurin kunye nenye yeefiziksi ezibalaseleyo eItali. U-Beccaria uya kukhuthaza uVolta ukuba enze imifuniselo kwaye apapashe iziphumo zabo. Ngowe-1769 wayeza kupapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala.
Ngo-1774 wonyulwa njengomlawuli wesikolo sikarhulumente wesixeko sakhe, kwaye ngo-1775 udumo lwakhe lwakhula ngokuyilwa kwezixhobo ezisisigxina ze-electrophoresis-eza kusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ukuvelisa kunye nokuvelisa iindleko ze-electrostatic-, kangangokuba waqeshwa njengonjingalwazi kwifiziksi yokulinga kwiKholeji yaseCuomo.
Umpu weVolta, ukhokho we-lighter
Ngo-1776 uye wafumanisa izinto ezininzi ngenxa yovavanyo lwakhe lwemethane enokutsha kwimigxobhozo. Waphuhlisa "iVolta pistol", apho intlantsi yombane kwibhotile yeglasi idala umlilo, onokuthi ube ngumanduleli wokukhanya kwethu okudumileyo. Oku kufunyaniswe nako yamkhokelela ekubeni atshintshe ioli yesibane ngegesi yemethane, edala into ebizwa ngokuba sisibane seVolta.
Ngezi ziphumo, wawuphucula umpu wakhe, wenza isixhobo sokuhlalutya ioksijini ekwigesi, waza wenza isixhobo ngoku esaziwa ngokuba yi-eudiometer. Phakathi kowe-1778 no-1819 wayengunjingalwazi wefiziksi yokulinga kwiYunivesithi yasePavia. Apho, ngo-1783, wasungula i-electroscope ukulinganisa amanani amancinci ombane kunye nokulinganisa umlinganiselo ngokudala iyunithi yakhe yokulinganisa, "i-voltage."
Eyona nto ibalaseleyo kwi-Alessandro Volta Biography
Ngomnyaka we-1792, wafunda ngovavanyo lwamasele nguLuigi Galvani, owazama ukucacisa iipropathi zombane ze-nerve impulses. ebefunda le nkqubo iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Ngokutsho kweGalvani, iintsimbi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zidibana nemisipha ye-frog okanye esinye isilwanyana ukuvelisa imisinga yombane ngenxa yokuba ezi mpendulo ziveliswa yimijelo yombane ejikelezayo kwizitho zesilwanyana. UGalvani ubanga ukuba isele "yiflask yeLeiden," i-capacitor yakudala okanye isixhobo sokugcina amandla.
UVolta waqala ukwenza iimvavanyo zakhe ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zoogxa bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, wagqiba kwelokuba umbane awuzange uveliswe ngokudibana nezilwanyana, kodwa kuphela ngokudibana phakathi kweentsimbi. Amasele aphendula ngokulula kwiintlawulo zombane "ngokuziva" kubo. Ibango lakhe lakhokelela izazinzulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu ukuxhasa iGalvani okanye iVolta. UVolta wabhala oku kulandelayo:
Lonke olu vavanyo aluqinisekisi ngokupheleleyo ukuba umbane wezilwanyana ukhona kuba amalungu ahlala engasebenzi, ngelixa iintsimbi zisoloko zisebenza.
Iimvavanyo zikaVolta ezibonisa ukuveliswa kombane phakathi kweentsimbi zamkhokelela ekubeni enze (phakathi kwe-1799 kunye ne-1800) eyona nto idumileyo kunye neyimpumelelo: "iseli ye-cylindrical Volta", ibhetri yokuqala esebenzayo kwimbali. Iqukethe iipleyiti zentsimbi ezibekwe ngokwesiseko. Ubhedu kunye ne-zinc bahlulwe omnye komnye ngamalaphu afakwe kwi-asidi (ekuqaleni amanzi okanye i-brine).
Ukuveliswa kuchazwe kwileta eyaziwayo kwiRoyal Society nguSir Joseph Banks. Ngo-1791 wenziwa ugxa weRoyal Society of London waza ngo-1794 wafumana iMbasa yeCopley.
Ukuqwalaselwa
Ngo-1801, uNapoleon Bonaparte wafika eParis emva koko ukubizwa nguNapoleon kwiZiko laseFransi ukubonisa inkqubela yakhe yezenzululwazi kumbane. Apho, wamangalisa wonke umntu okhoyo, kwaye ikomiti yenzululwazi evela kwiFrench Institute of Sciences yabhala ingxelo yokuvavanya incoma ukuveliswa kwenguqu ye "Volta battery."
Ngowe-1802 wafumana iMbasa yeGolide yeMbeko kwiAkhademi yaseFransi. Ngo-1805 wonyulwa njengelungu langaphandle le-Göttingen Academy of Sciences, kwaye ngo-1808 ilungu langaphandle le-Bavarian Academy of Sciences.
UNapoleon wayevuyiswa kakhulu yinkqubela yamaTaliyane, kungekudala emva kokudalwa kweRiphabhlikhi yaseWestern Sardinia e-Italiya, wamenza ukuba abalwe kunye ne-senator yobukumkani baseLombard waza wamnika umhlalaphantsi. Kwiminyaka kamva, emva kokoyiswa kweFransi ngo-1815, uMlawuli waseOstriya wammisela njengomlawuli wesebe lefilosofi kwiYunivesithi yasePadua. Umsebenzi wakhe wapapashwa kwimiqulu emihlanu eFlorence ngowe-1816.
Ngomnyaka we-1861, uVolta wafumana elona wonga liphezulu njengengcali yefiziksi: ngokutsho koMbutho waseBritane woPhuculo lweSayensi, iyunithi yokulinganisa umbane wombane yaziwa kumazwe ngamazwe njengevolti. Ngo-1964, i-volta yenyanga yathiywa ngaye, kwaye ngo-1999 i-asteroid "8208" yathiywa ngaye. Nakule nkulungwane yama-XNUMX, igama lakhe lisekho. Umzekelo kwiToyota "Alessandro Volta" imoto yombane.
Umsebenzi wakhe wasinda ekutshintsheni ubudlelwane bamandla: wazixhasa zombini iiHabsburg zaseOstriya, iintshaba zikaNapoleon, kunye namaCorsikans ngokwawo. Wathatha umhlala-phantsi kwindlu yakhe yelizwe eCamnago, kufutshane neComo, apho wachitha khona iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Wafa ngo-Matshi 5, i-1827. I-mausoleum yakhe ihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye ne-reliefs kwisitayela setempile ye-neoclassical, eyenziwe ngumakhi uMelchiorre Nosetti kwaye yagqitywa ngo-1831.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-biography ka-Alessandro Volta kunye nempumelelo yakhe.