El Intaba-mlilo yaseTeneguía emi kwisiqithi saseLa Palma kwiiCanary Islands, yaqhuma ngeCawa, nge-19 kaSeptemba 2021 ngo-15: 12 emva kwemini. Ukusukela ngoko, onke amajelo osasazo aqwalasele into enokwenzeka. Sisinye seziqhushumbisi zembali ezinje ngezo zenzekileyo kweli chwebakazi lentaba-mlilo kwaye yeyona izakuthethwa kakhulu kule minyaka izayo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni unobangela kunye neziphumo zokuqhushumba kwentaba yaseTeneguía, iimpawu zayo kunye nokuphikisa ubuvuvu obuthile.
Ukuqhambuka kwentaba-mlilo yaseTeneguía
Uqhushumbo lwe-El Hierro lwenzeka malunga neminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo kwaye olu dubulo luneempawu ezifanayo ncam nolunye uqhushumbo olwenzeke kwezi ziqithi. Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yaseTeneguía Luhlobo lwe-strombolian kwaye iqala ngokwaphuka kunye nokukhupha i-lava, i-pyroclast kunye neegesi. Irhashalala lihlala kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.
Kuya kufuneka sifumane unobangela wokuqhuma kuqokelele umagma emazantsi esakhiwo se-volcanic eLa Palma (i-6 ukuya kwi-8 yeekhilomitha ubunzulu). I-magma ivela kwiingubo kwaye iveliswe kwindawo elandelayo esiyibiza ngokuba yi-asthenosphere. Ngamashumi amashumi eekhilomitha ubunzulu. Kule ndawo, uxinzelelo kunye neemeko zobushushu zivumela amatye afunyenwe apho ukuba anyibilike, avelise umagma. Ubuninzi bolu lwakhiwo lolwelo oluqulathe ubutyobo bamatye, iikristali ezixhonyiweyo kunye nerhasi enyibilikisiweyo ingaphantsi kobuninzi bamatye ajikelezileyo.
Ngokweyantlukwano yoxinaniso nelitye elivaliweyo, xa imagma iqokelela izixa ezaneleyo, iya kusebenzisa iintanda ezikhoyo elityeni okanye iintanda ezinokuveliswa yimagma ngokwayo (ngenxa yokuqaqamba) ukunyukela kwindawo engekho nzulu. Ke, inyuka iye koxinzelelo olusezantsi nakumanqanaba obushushu, kwaye inokuqokelelana kwinqanaba eliphakathi kwindawo yonxibelelwano phakathi kwamatye endalo eyahlukileyo. Xa i-magma yakha ngobuninzi obaneleyo, isebenzisa iintanda ezikhoyo elityeni ukunyuka ziye kwindawo engekho nzulu.
Ukuthintela kunye nokuqikelela kokuqhuma
Ezi ndawo ziqokelelweyo, esizibiza ngokuba zii-magma reservoirs okanye amagma magumbi, vumela i-magma enzulu ukuba iqokelele kufutshane nomphezulu womhlaba, evelisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neziphene kunye nokwaphuka kwamatye ajikelezileyo. Oku kubangela ukwanda kokunyikima komhlaba kunye nokuchithwa komhlaba njengoko kulinganiswa nezixhobo zokubeka iliso kwintaba-mlilo. Kwangokunjalo, xa kuvuleka umsantsa, kukhutshwa iigesi kwimagma, kwaye kwaezi gesi ezifanayo ziyarekhodwa zezi zixhobo zinye. Yile ndlela siyazi ngayo ukuba i-volcano ilungiselela ukuqhuma okutsha.
Ngapha koko, xa kufikwa kuqhushumbe-mlilo waseLa Palma, inkqubo yangaphambi kokuqhuma yaqala nge-11 kaSeptemba, Umsebenzi wenyikima kunye nokukhubazeka komhlaba kunyuke ngokubonakalayo kwaye ukukhutshwa kwegesi yemagma kusahleli unanamhla. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uqikelele ukuqhuma kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukunqanda nokucutha umngcipheko onokubakho onxulumene noko.
Olu dubulo lusakhulayo akufuneki lubandakanye umngcipheko onxulumene nendawo ekuhamba kuyo udaka, olulawulwa ngokupheleleyo kukuma komhlaba, kwaye ingqushu yentaba-mlilo iqokeleleka malunga nokuqhambuka, ekugqibeleni yenze izakhiwo ezihambelana nentaba-mlilo. Iigesi zentaba-mlilo, ezinje nge Iziphumo zesalfure okanye icarbon dioxide uqobo, zikhona kwaye kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngenxa yeengozi abazimeleyo, nangona zithintelwe kwindawo enye njengeemveliso zangaphambili.
Ixesha lokuqhuma kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bemagma enokukhutshelwa ngaphandle, egqiba uxinzelelo olusebenzayo ukusuka igumbi le-magma kwaye liyeke ukuqhuma xa uxinzelelo olungaphezulu lubuyiselwe kwimeko yalo. Ukuqhuma kwangaphambili kufana nokuqhuma kwangoku, kunye nobude obuqala kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.
I-Disinformation kunye ne-hoaxes yeTeneguía volcano
Kucacile ukuba uninzi lwezi ziganeko lufuna ulwazi malunga nenkcubeko esisiseko malunga nayo. Inani elikhulu leendaba livelise ubuqhetseba bolwazi oluthile ekufuneka laliwe. Masibone ukuba zeziphi ezona ziphambili:
- Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kunye nokufudumala komhlaba: bambi bacinga ukuba ukuqhuma kwale ntaba-mlilo kunento yokwenza nokufudumala komhlaba. Ubushushu behlabathi abunanto yakwenza noku kuqhambuka. Kubangelwa luhlobo lwentaba-mlilo yesi siqithi kunye nemvelaphi yaso. Kuqhelekile ngenxa yemeko yokuma kwayo.
- Kubangele itsunami eBrazil: Le yenye yeempazamo. Olu dubulo alukhange lubangele naluphi na uhlobo lweetsunami.
- I-Teide iza kwenziwa isebenze: Enye yeempazamo ezijikeleza uthungelwano kukuba le volcano izakuvula iTeide. Akukho bungqina bayo. Kubekho unyulo lwamva nje kwaye iMount Teide khange iqhume ngenxa yayo. Kwaye uninzi lweenkqubo zentaba-mlilo azidibananga.
- I-Lava ayinakugqitywa ngemibhobho: Nangona kubonakala kucacile, kusekho abantu abakholelwa ukuba abacimi-mlilo banokuyicima intaba mlilo ngemibhobho yamanzi.
- Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kunokuqikelelwa: Ukuqhuma kweentaba-mlilo kulula ukukuqikelela kunenyikima. Kwaye bahlala belumkisa ngoguqulelo oluncinci emhlabeni okanye ngeenyikima ezincinci. Banokulumkisa ngomphunga kunye neminye imiqondiso. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukufumanisa owona mhla kunye nexesha lokukhetha kwentaba-mlilo.
- Ukuma kwetrafikhi yomoya: yinto abantu abazixhalabisayo ngayo. Olunye ugqabhuko-dubulo lukhupha uthuli lwentaba-mlilo kangangeekhilomitha ezininzi emoyeni, oluhlala lukhokelela ekuvalweni kwesithuba somoya. Kwimeko yolu lonyulo, kubonakala ngathi ayizukubangela nakuphi na ukuvalwa kwendawo yomoya kuba ikholamu yomsi ayinkulu njengakwezinye iintaba-mlilo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi ngeTeneguía intaba-mlilo, ziimpawu zayo kwaye uphikise ezinye zeempazamo ezijikeleza uthungelwano lwasentlalweni.