Abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba yintoni na le intaba ephakamileyo eSpain. I-El Teide yeyona ncopho iphakamileyo eSpeyin. Imi eTenerife, ichwebakazi leziqithi zeCanary Islands. Ikwayeyona ndawo iphakamileyo kumhlaba kumbindi we-Atlantiki yolwandle kunye neyesithathu intaba-mlilo ephakamileyo elinganiswa ukusuka ezantsi kuqweqwe lolwandle. Ithathwa njengenye yezona ndawo zinomtsalane eSpain kwaye ikwiTeide National Park, echazwe njengeNdawo yeLifa leHlabathi yiUNESCO. Abemi bomthonyama bale ndawo bayibiza ngokuba yi-Echeide okanye i-Echeyde, kwaye kubo yintaba engcwele.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neyona ntaba iphakamileyo eSpain kunye nemvelaphi yayo.
Eyona ntaba iphakamileyo yaseSpain
Njengoninzi lwezona ntaba-mlilo zidumileyo ehlabathini, yi-stratovolcano okanye intaba-mlilo edibeneyo, eqokelelene kwizigidi zeminyaka yomaleko oqhubekayo wokuhamba kwelava kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo eziqinileyo. Isakhiwo sayo sonke siseLas Cañadas, icrater enobubanzi obuyi-12 ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-20. Umphakamo yi 3.715-3.718 yeemitha ukuphakama kolwandle yi 7.500 yeemitha.. Enyanisweni, uTeide noPicoviejo xa bedibene benza intaba-mlilo enomgangatho omnye, iqela lePicoviejo-Teide leentaba-mlilo. Zombini izakhiwo zisuka kwigumbi elinye le-magma, nangona zichazwe ngokubanzi ngokwahlukeneyo.
IMount Teide igqalwa njengesaqhwithi, nangona ugqabhuko-dubulo lokugqibela lwaqala ngowe-1909. Ebusika, incopho yale ntaba igqunywa likhephu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izigidi zabakhenkethi abeze kwipaki yelizwe bekhangeleke ngendlela ebangel’ umdla.
Ukwenziwa kweyona ntaba iphakamileyo eSpain
I-Tenerife sisiqithi sentaba-mlilo esiphuma elwandle, ngoko akumangalisi ukuba isiqabu saso sibonakala ngeentaba kunye neentaba-mlilo. Ekuqaleni kweMiocene-Pliocene, iintaba-mlilo ezintathu ezimilise okwekhaka zavela okokuqala, iTeno, Adeje kunye neAnaga massifs. namhlanje benza uninzi lommandla weTenerife. Kwinqanaba lesibini nelesithathu, ezi ziqwenga zithathu zaphazamisa ugqabhuko-dubulo lwazo, zalandelwa lixesha elitsha lokudubula kwentaba-mlilo, kwaza emva koko kwayilwa ezinye izakhiwo.
I-volcano esembindini yecrater yenziwa kwinqanaba lesithathu kwaye yavela kuyo yonke iMiocene. Icrater yaseLas Cañadas inokuba sisiphumo sokudilika komhlaba okukhulu, ugqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu oluqhubekayo, okanye indibaniselwano yezi zibini zenzekileyo xa intaba-mlilo esembindini yawa 160.000-220,00 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Kamva, kwasekwa intaba-mlilo iLas Cañadas II, kwaza emva kokuwa kwayo kwavela enye intaba-mlilo engumaleko, iLas Cañadas III.
Rashes
Ayiyiyo kuphela intaba iphakamileyo eSpain, kodwa isasebenza kwaye ibe nogqabhuko-dubulo oluninzi. Ngokutsho kweSmithsonian Global Volcanic Activity Plan, Ukuqhuma kwe-42 kubaliwe kwaye i-3 ayikaqinisekiswa. Ukusukela ekubunjweni kwayo, iPico del Teide kunye neendawo zokuphuma kwayo zikhuphe izixa ezikhulu zezinto zepyroclastic, kodwa ugqabhuko-dubulo lokuqala olujongweyo lwenzeka ngo-1492 ngenxa yokuba iTenerife yayingahlali mntu ixesha elide.
Ugqabhuko-dubulo lokugqibela encotsheni yentaba lwenzeka malunga no-850 AD Ngethamsanqa, akukho bantu bajikelezileyo, ngoko akuyongozi kangako. IVesuvius, iMerapi okanye iPopocatepetl. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-radius yeekhilomitha ezili-100, kukho abantu abangaphezu kwe-766.000.
ijiology
Kubantu bokuqala bale ndawo, iiGuanches, intaba-mlilo yaseTeide yayigqalwa njengentaba engcwele. Namhlanje, yenye yezona ntaba-mlilo zaziwayo ehlabathini. Yi stratovolcano okanye ivolcano edibeneyo. Oko kukuthi, iye yenziwa kwizigidi zeminyaka ngenxa yokuqokelelana okulandelelanayo kokuhamba kwelava. Yaye kukuba udaka luqokelelana luze luphole njengoko luqukuqela kwindawo engumnqantsa. I-lava ayiqokeleli kuphela, kodwa kunye nezixhobo eziqinileyo. Konke oku kwenza ukuba ulwakhiwo oluzinzisiweyo lube nokumila de intaba-mlilo ibe kwindawo ekuyo ngoku.
Isakhiwo sonke seTeide siseKhanada. ILas Cañadas yicrater enentaba-mlilo enobubanzi obuphakathi kwe-12 kunye ne-20 yeekhilomitha. Ubude beTeide bubonke buziimitha ezingama-3.718. Ukuba sibhalisa ngenxa yokungalingani phantsi kolwandle, sinokubona ukuba kukho ukuphakama kwe-7.500 yeemitha.
Intaba-mlilo yaseTeide kunye nentaba-mlilo yasePicoviejo xa zidibene zenza intaba-mlilo enomgangatho omnye. Eli liqela leentaba-mlilo. Zonke zakhiwe kwigumbi elinye lemagma. Ngokuqhelekileyo xa kuchazwa iintaba-mlilo ezimbini, kwenziwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwezi zimbini, iMount Teide ithathwa njengeyona isebenzayo. Ugqabhuko-dubulo lokugqibela olurekhodiweyo lwalungowe-1909. Nangona kubonakala ngathi kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100, ithathwa njengentaba-mlilo esebenzayo kwisikali sexesha lokwakheka komhlaba.
Ngexesha leenyanga zobusika siyabona ukuba ikhephu lihlala njani engqungqutheleni kwaye linika indawo enomtsalane kwizigidi zabakhenkethi kwiPaki yeSizwe. Oku kwenza ukuba iTenerife ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yabakhenkethi ngawo onke amaxesha onyaka.
IiCuriosities zeyona ntaba iphakamileyo eSpain
Siza kukuxelela izinto ezinomdla zeyona ntaba iphakamileyo eSpain onokuthi ungazazi:
- Kukho iindawo ezingaphezu kwe-1,000 zezinto zakudala kwipaki yesizwe. Ezi sediments zibuyela kwixesha lokuboniswa kwemoto, zityhila ulwazi malunga neendlela ezininzi zobomi ezazikho ngelo xesha.
- Isiseko sasekwa kwiminyaka engama-40.000. Nangona eli xesha lisenokubonakala lide, lithuba elifutshane ngokufanelekileyo ngokwembono yejoloji. Ngoko ke, kunokuthiwa umoya yintaba-mlilo encinane.
- Umhlaba ojikeleze intaba-mlilo ngowona mhlaba uchumileyo kwisijikelezi-langa. Oku kubangelwa kukuba uthuthu lwentaba-mlilo lunegalelo kwizondlo ezininzi emhlabeni.
- Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwale ntaba-mlilo aluzange lubhalise amaxhoba angabantu. Oku kwenza ukuba kukhuseleke kakhulu ukuhlala eTenerife.
- Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintaba-mlilo, ukumila kwale ntaba-mlilo kunqabile kakhulu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nentaba ephakamileyo eSpeyin kunye neempawu zayo.