Xa bethetha ngeenkwenkwezi esibhakabhakeni, bahlala begama Ibhere enkulu. Yeyona nkwenkwezi ibalulekileyo esibhakabhakeni esingasentla kwaye yeyesithathu ngobukhulu ngobukhulu. Ummandla weArctic unale nkwenkwezi njengophawu lwayo, kuba imi ngaphezulu kwayo. Kuqhelekile ukubona i-Big Dipper ecaleni kwe IAurora borealis. Ngokudibeneyo benza enye yezona zinto zintle kakhulu esibhakabhakeni.
Kule nqaku siza kubiza zonke iimpawu zeli qela kwaye sinike ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nalo. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngale nkwenkwezi ibalulekileyo? Qhubeka ufunda kwaye uya kufunda 🙂
Imbali yeDipper enkulu
Liqela leenkwenkwezi eliyinxalenye yamaqela angamashumi amane anesibhozo awachongwa sisazi ngeenkwenkwezi uPtolemy. Siya kwinkulungwane yesibini ye-AD apho le astronomer Yayibiza ngokuba yiArktos Megale. NgesiLatin igama elithi "ursus" lithetha ibhere ngelixa ngesiGrike lingu "arktos". Ngenxa yoko igama elithi Arctic.
Enkosi kwi-Big Dipper, ingingqi esemantla yoMhlaba apho ikhoyo i-Arctic ichazwe ngokupheleleyo. Bonke abantu abadibana kububanzi be + 90 ° kunye -30 ° ungayijonga. I-Ursa Major liqela leenkwenkwezi esilibona lijikeleze inkwenkwezi yepali njengempembelelo yokujikeleza kweplanethi ngobusuku ngaphandle kokufihla phezulu. Ke ngoko, yaziwa ngokuba yi-circumpolar. Siyabulela oku, kunokubonwa kuwo wonke unyaka kwi-hemisphere esemantla.
Ubukele nini
Ayizizo zonke iinkwenkwezi ezinexesha elifanelekileyo lokuzibona. Kule meko, elona xesha lilungileyo lisentwasahlobo. Iinkwenkwezi ezenza eli qela zezi phakathi kweminyaka engama-60 kunye ne-110 yezigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya. Iinkwenkwezi ezine eziyidalayo nguMerak, iDubhe, iFekda neMegrez.
Umsila weqela leenkwenkwezi wenziwe ziinkwenkwezi ezintathu ukusuka eAlioth ukuya eAlcor naseMizar. Ezi zimbini zokugqibela zinobuchwephetsha ukuba aziphindanga kabini. Ngamnye kubo yiminyaka emithathu yokukhanya komnye komnye. Eyokugqibela eyenza ulayini yaziwa ngokuba yiAlcaid.
Iinkwenkwezi ezikhanyayo kwikroza
I-constellation ye-Ursa Major ineenkwenkwezi ezininzi eziqaqambileyo, kwaye ke zezona zibalaseleyo. Phakathi kwabo sine:
- Alioth. Ibonakaliswe ngokuba yinkwenkwezi ebomvu nemhlophe. Ime malunga nokukhanya kweminyaka eyi-81 kunye nobukhulu phakathi kwe-1,75 kunye namaxesha ama-4 amakhulu kuneLanga. Ikwangama-127 amaxesha akhanyayo. Kuphela, ukuba kumgama ongaphezulu kakhulu sikubona kuncinci.
- IPhecda sisibini esimhlophe esimhlophe esikude kangangeminyaka engama-84 yokukhanya. Ikhanya ngobukhulu be-2,43 kwaye ingama-71 amaxesha akhanyayo kuneLanga.
- Megrez Yinkwenkwezi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe malunga neminyaka engama-58,4 yokukhanya kude kwaye ingama-63% ngaphezulu kwelanga kunye namaxesha ali-14 akhanyayo ngakumbi.
- Ikhutshwe Yahluke kwezinye iinkwenkwezi ngokuba lulungelelwaniso oluphambili olumhlophe noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ime kwindawo yokukhanya eyi-100 ukusuka kwinkqubo yethu yelanga enobukhulu obuphindwe kathandathu kuneLanga kunye nama-700 amaxesha akhanyayo ngakumbi.
- IMizar kunye neAlcor inokuchongwa njengeenkwenkwezi eziphindwe kabini. Ziphakathi kwezona zibonwa esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Ziyaziwa njengeHashe kunye noMkhweli kwaye zinombala omhlophe. Zibekwe kude kwiminyaka engama-80 yokukhanya kwaye iMizar ikhanya ngobukhulu be-2,23 kunye ne-Alcor ene-4,01.
- UDubhe yinkwenkwezi enkulu emalunga neminyaka eli-120 yokukhanya. Nangona kunjalo, yinkwenkwezi ephindwe kali-400 kuneLanga. Yinkqubo kanambambili yeenkwenkwezi ezijikeleza enye kanye kwiminyaka engamashumi amane.
- Ummangaliso ichongiwe njengenkwenkwezi emhlophe kwaye ikude njenge-79 yeminyaka yokukhanya. Ine-radius amaxesha ama-3 elanga kunye nobunzima balo. Ibonakaliswa ngokuqaqamba amaxesha angama-70.
Iintsomi malunga ne-constellation Ursa Major
Eli qela lidlulile kwimbali ngamagama amaninzi kunye namanani ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho yabonwa khona kunye neenkolelo zelizwe ngalinye. Umzekelo, amaRoma ahleka ukubona kwimfuyo yakhe. Ama-Arabhu abona ikharavani phezulu. Olunye uluntu luyakwazi ukubona iinkwenkwezi ezintathu ezisebenza njengomsila kunye nokuba kungenzeka ukuba ezi ziinjana ezilandela unina. Banokuba ngabazingeli abasukela ibhere.
AmaNdiya aseIroquois aseKhanada kunye neMicmacs yaseNova Scotia batolika ibhere njengokuzingelwa ngamajoni asixhenxe. Ngokwenkolelo, le ntshutshiso iqala minyaka le entwasahlobo. Iqala xa ibhere ishiya indawo yokuhlala kwiCorona Borealis. Xa kufika ikwindla, ibhere ibanjwa ngabazingeli kwaye ngenxa yoko iyafa. Amathambo ayo ahlala esibhakabhakeni de ibhere elitsha liphume emqolombeni kule ntwasahlobo ilandelayo.
Kwelinye icala, amaTshayina asebenzise iinkwenkwezi ze-Big Dipper njengendlela yokwazi xa kufuneka banike abantu babo ukutya. Yayibonisa kubo ixesha apho ukutya kwakungekho. Ibali leqela leenkwenkwezi lithetha ukuba uCallisto, nymph owazinikezela umzimba nomphefumlo uthixokazi uArtemis, watsala ingqalelo kaZeyus. Kamva wamkhohlisa kwaye, emva kokuzala unyana wakhe ogama linguArcas, ukumkanikazi woothixo, uHera waba nomsindo wajika uCallisto waba libhere.
Kwiminyaka kamva, xa uArcas wayezingela, wayeza kubulala ibhere engaqondanga xa uZeus angenelela kwaye wabeka uCallisto kunye noArcas baguqulwa baba libhere. esibhakabhakeni njengeUrsa Major kunye neUrsa Minor, ngokulandelelana. Kungenxa yesi sizathu la maqela eenkwenkwezi ejikeleza kwaye engaze athi nkxu emazantsi esibhakabhakeni xa ejongwa kumantla asentla.
Ngolu lwazi lutsha ungafunda ngakumbi malunga ne-constellation Ursa Major xa uyibona esibhakabhakeni. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni esezulwini ukuze wazi ngakumbi ngendalo esihlala kuyo. Into eqhelekileyo njengeli qela ayinakuya ingaziwa 🙂