Amakhonkco kaSaturn

ISaturn yenye yeeplanethi ezikwinkqubo yelanga kwaye ikwiqela leeplanethi ezinegesi. Iyabonakala ngokuba namakhonkco kwaye yenye yeeplanethi ezimbini ezinkulu nezaziwa kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yelanga. Inokujongwa ngokulula ukusuka emhlabeni ubulele ku Amakhonkco kaSaturn.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngamakhonkco kaSaturn, ukuba zenziwa njani kwaye zeziphi iimpawu zazo.

Iplanethi enamakhonkco

ISaturn yiplanethi ekhethekileyo. Kwinzululwazi, kuthathwa njengenye yeeplanethi ezinomdla kakhulu ukuqonda yonke inkqubo yelanga. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba inesisindo esisezantsi kakhulu kunamanzi kwaye ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo yi-hydrogen, enexabiso elincinci le-helium kunye ne-methane.

Yeyesigaba seeplanethi ezinkulu zegesi kwaye inombala owahlukileyo owenza wahluke. Ithe tyaba, apho imicu emincinci yeminye imibala idityanisiwe. Abantu abaninzi bayayiphosisa ngeJupiter, kodwa abanabudlelwane. Bahluke ngokucacileyo ngomsesane. Oososayensi bacinga ukuba amakhonkco abo enziwe ngamanzi, kodwa aqinile njenge-icebergs, icebergs, okanye ezinye iibhola zekhephu, ngakumbi ngokudibanisa neentlobo ezithile zothuli lweekhemikhali.

Iinyanga

Kuzo zonke ezi zinto zinika umdla ezenza ukuba iSaturn ibe yiplanethi enomdla, kufuneka sigqamise neenyanga eziyilungisayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-satellites ezili-18 ziye zamkelwa kwaye zathiywa ziingcali zefizikiki kwicandelo. Oku kunika iplanethi ukubaluleka ngakumbi kunye nokuguquguquka. Ukuziqonda ngcono, siza kudwelisa ezinye zazo.

Eyona idumileyo zibizwa ngokuba Hyperion kunye neIapetus, eziqulathe ngokupheleleyo amanzi ngaphakathi, kodwa zomelele kangangokuba zithathwa ngokuba, ngokulandelelana, zingumkhenkce okanye zibekhona ngokohlobo lomkhenkce. ISaturn ineesathelayithi zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Phakathi kwezakhiwo zangaphakathi, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi apho iindlela zeTitans zibekwe khona. Ngenye yeenyanga ezinkulu zikaSaturn, nangona ijikelezwe yinkungu eshinyeneyo yeorenji, akukho lula ukuyibona.

ISaturn ineesathelayithi zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Phakathi kwezakhiwo zangaphakathi, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi apho iindlela zeTitans zibekwe khona. Ngenye yeenyanga ezinkulu zikaSaturn, nangona ijikelezwe yinkungu eshinyeneyo yeorenji, akukho lula ukuyibona. Isethelayithi yeTitan yenye yeesathelayithi ezisisiseko esenziwe phantse zanitrogen.

Ingaphakathi lale satellite linamatye enziwe ngamachiza afana necarbon hydroxide kunye nemethane, ezifanayo neeplanethi eziqhelekileyo. Ubungakanani buhlala bufana, ubukhulu becala baya kuthi, nokuba ubungakanani bufana.

Amakhonkco kaSaturn

Inkqubo yomsesane kaSaturn ubukhulu becala yenziwe ngamanzi enomkhenkce kunye namatye awayo oobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Bahlulwe baba ngamaqela amabini, bohlulwe yi "Cassini Division": isangqa A (esingaphandle) kunye nesangqa B (ngaphakathi), ngokufuphi kufutshane nomphezulu womhlaba.

Igama leli candelo livela kumfumanisi walo, uGiovanni Cassini, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi esingumFrentshi-wase-Italiya esafumanisa Ukwahlulwa kweekhilomitha ezingama-4.800 1675 ububanzi ngo-XNUMX. Iqela B linamakhulu amakhonkco, amanye awo anemilo ye-elliptical ebonisa utshintsho kubunzulu bamaza ngenxa yokunxibelelana kwamandla omxhuzulane phakathi kwamakhonkco kunye nesathelayithi.

Ukongeza, kukho ezinye izakhiwo ezimnyama ezibizwa ngokuba yi "radial wedges" ezijikeleza iplanethi ngesantya esahlukileyo kunezinye izinto zeringi (intshukumo yazo ilawulwa yimagnethi yomhlaba).

Imvelaphi yeeradge wedges ayisaziwa kwaye inokuvela kwaye inyamalale ngokwezibalo. Ngokwedatha eyafunyanwa ngohambo lwenqwelomoya eCassini ngo-2005, kukho umoya ojikeleze iringi, eyakhiwe ikakhulu yioksijini yeemolekyuli. Kude kube ngo-2015, iingcamango malunga nendlela ezenziwe ngayo izangqa zikaSaturn zazingenakucacisa ubukho bamasuntswana omkhenkce.

Isazinzulu uRobin Canup wapapasha umbono wakhe wokuba ngexesha lokuzalwa kwesixokelelwano selanga, isathelayithi yeSaturn (eyakhiwe ngumkhenkce kunye nelitye) yatshona emhlabeni yabangela ukungqubana. Ngenxa yoko, iziqwenga ezinkulu zakhutshwa ukwenza i-halo okanye iringi yamasuntswana ahlukeneyo, aqhubeka nokudibana njengoko ayemile kumjikelezo weplanethi, de avelisa amakhonkco amakhulu awaziwayo namhlanje.

Ukuphonononga amakhonkco eSaturn

Ngomnyaka we-1850, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi u-Edouard Roche wafunda ifuthe lomxhuzulane kwiplanethi yakhe waza wabala ukuba nayiphi na into ephantsi kwamaxesha angama-2,44 i-radius yeplanethi ayinakudibanisa ukwenza into kwaye ukuba sele iyinto, yayiza kuqhekeka. Isangqa sangaphakathi sikaSaturn C singama-1,28 esiphinda-phindayo kwirandi kwaye iringi engaphandle engu-A ingama-2,27 ukuphinda-phinda iradiyo. Zombini ziphakathi kwemida yeRoche, kodwa imvelaphi yazo ayikagqitywa. Ngombandela eziqulathe wona, inqanaba elilingana nenyanga linokwakhiwa.

Isakhiwo esihle sesangqa ekuqaleni sasibangelwe ngumxhuzulane weesathelayithi ezikufutshane kunye namandla e-centrifugal aveliswe kukujikeleza kweSaturn. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lweVoyager lufumene izakhiwo ezimnyama ezingenakuchazwa ngale ndlela. Ezi zakhiwo zijikeleza eringini ngesantya esilinganayo semagnethi yomhlaba, ukuze bakwazi ukunxibelelana nomazibuthe wayo.

Amasuntswana enza amakhonkco kaSaturn ayahluka ngokobukhulu, ukusuka kumaqhekeza amancinci ukuya kumakhulu, njengeziqwenga zendlu. Ixesha elingaphezulu, baya kuqokelela intsalela yee-comets kunye ne-asteroids. Uninzi lwezixhobo ezizenzayo ngumkhenkce. Ukuba badala kakhulu, baya kujika babe mnyama ngenxa yokufumba kothuli. Into yokuba ziqaqambile ibonisa ukuba bancinci.

Kwi 2006, Isiphekepheke saseCassini safumanisa iringi entsha ngelixa uhamba kwisithunzi seSaturn kwelinye icala lelanga. Ubugqi belanga buvumela ukufunyanwa kwamasuntswana angaqhelekanga kubonakale. Iringi phakathi kuka-F no-G iyangqinelana nemijikelo kaJanus no-Epimetheus, kwaye ezi satellites zimbini ziphantse zabelana ngemijikelezo yazo kwaye ziyitshintsha rhoqo. Mhlawumbi iimeteor ezingqubanayo nezi satellites ziya kuvelisa amasuntswana enza iiringi.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngamakhonkco eSaturn kunye neempawu zawo.