Zvitsuwa zveCanary zvitsuwa zviri muAtlantic Ocean. Iwo ari kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweAfrica uye anosanganisira zvitsuwa zvisere, zvitsuwa zvishanu uye matombo masere pamwe chete. Semuenzaniso, tiri kutaura nezveLa Gomera, La Palma neTenerife, El Hierro, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote uye Gran Canaria. vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika Zvitsuwa zveCanary zvakaumbwa sei?
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza kuti Canary Islands yakaumbwa sei, maitiro avo uye kukosha.
Magadzirirwo eCanary Islands
Zvitsuwa izvi zvine mavambo emakomo anoputika uye zviri pandiro yeAfrica, nokudaro zvichiumba nharaunda yeMacaronesia. Ivo vane subtropical mamiriro ekunze, uye kusiyanisa kwemamiriro ekunze kunoshandura kuita zvipenyu. Zvitsuwa zvese zvine biosphere reserves, mapaki enyika nenzvimbo dzakaziviswa World Heritage Sites. Denda risati rasvika, mamirioni avanhu akashanyira zvitsuwa, semuenzaniso, muna 2019, vashanyi vanosvika mamiriyoni gumi nematatu.
Mabviro ayo egomo rinoputika akaverengerwawo kuve munguva pfupi yapfuura yezera rePasi: 30 mamirioni emakore. Dzidziso dzinoverengeka dzinotsigira kuti zvitsuwa zvakaumbwa munguva dzakasiyana kana kutenderera kwemakomo, izvo zvinoreva kuenderera mberi kwekubuda uye kutevedzana kuoma kwemabota.
Nokudaro, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti chitsuwa chega chega cheboka iri chine nhoroondo yayo ye geological kana yekare, zvitsuwa zvekare zvichida Fuerteventura neLanzarote, zvichiteverwa neTenerife, Canary Islands uye La Gomera. Ava pedyo zvikuru ndiLa Palma neEl Hierro, ane makore asingasviki mamiriyoni maviri.
source cycles
Saka iyi nzira kana kutenderera kwaizoita sei? Chekutanga, chikamu chinonzi "basal complex" chinoitika, umo gungwa regungwa rinotsemuka uye chivharo chinosimuka, umo bota rakaputika kubva mugungwa rinoiswa. Gare gare, chitsuwa chinobuda mumvura muchikamu chinozivikanwa se "kuvaka kwepasi."
Zvakare, kune kutenderera kuviri pano, yekutanga yeakare nhevedzano inogadzira zvimiro zvakakura zvegomo rinoputika, uyezve inonzi inonzi ichangoburwa nhevedzano inochengetwa nhasi, inoratidzirwa nekusingaperi kwekuputika kwegomo. Takatorwa pamwechete, tinogona kufungidzira magma kubva mukati mepasi ichikwira nepakati pezvakatsemuka zvakasiyana mugoko, ichiungana pasi pegungwa, uyezve ichibuda padanho regungwa.
Izvi zvakaenderera mberi kwemamiriyoni emakore uye, sezvatinotaura, zvinopfuurira kusvika kuzuva rino nemhute yemvura, magasi ane sarufa, uye kuputika kweapo neapo. Tora, semuenzaniso, kuputika kweTeneguía paLa Palma muna 1971 kana kupfuura munguva pfupi yapfuura muna 2021, apo gomo rinoputika risina zita rakatyisa chitsuwa chacho kwemazuva 90.
Zvitsuwa zveCanary hazvinzwisisike nenzira yazvo, uye nekuti ndezvimwe zvezvitsuwa zvishoma zvakaumbwa nemakomo anoputika emugungwa achiri kushanda, zvinofarirwa zvikuru nemasayendisiti. Pave paine kuputika kwe18 mumakore mazana mashanu, saka ine nhoroondo yakasimba yegomo rinoputika, uye hongu, hatisati taona magumo.
Mafungiro ekuti Canary Islands yakaumbwa sei
Zvinoshamisa zvezvitsuwa izvi zvakakurudzira dzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pekuumbwa kwazvo. Kwenguva yakati, hotspot theory yakakunda, maererano nezvitsuwa zvakaumbwa mumugero we transoceanic pakati peAfrica neAmerica. Nokudaro zvitsuwa zvinooneka munzira, zvitsuwa zvekaresa zviri kure zvikuru nemavambo azvo sezvazvaifambira mberi zvichitevedza mahwendefa e lithospheric.
Imwe dzidziso ndeyekuparadzira dzidziso yekutyoka, maererano neiyo, inotevera kutenderera kwekumanikidza uye kuzorora kweAtlas tectonic plate, kutsemuka kwakaitika mu lithosphere inopararira kubva kumakondinendi kuenda kuAtlantic Ocean, Kusiya magma.
Ndinofanira kutaura kuti idzi dzose dzidziso uye hadzina kugamuchirwa zvakakwana, kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo dzinopisa dzichipisa. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangura chikonzero nei zvitsuwa zvichiri kushanda, kunze kwezvimwe umo pasina kuputika kwemakomo kwakanyorwa panguva ino. Hongu, hongu, kuchine maburi mune tsananguro iyi, asi tsvakiridzo yesainzi inoramba ichiedza kupindura mibvunzo yese.
Saka, ndeapi maitiro eiyo yakanaka uye ine ngozi yeCanary Islands? Zvakanaka, vane marudzi ese ematombo anoputika anofukidza huwandu hwese hwe alkaline basalts uye ane marudzi ese emakorori uye ane asymmetric zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekuti mhepo irikubvepi uye inotungamira magma kune imwe nzira kana imwe nzira, zvakare. kuputika kwe thermoplastic uye mabhomba, chitsuwa ichi zvakare chine mamwe magma nemakoni, maumbirwo, makorokoza, akawanda anoputika maumbirwo pakati pecalderas…
Climate
Nekune rimwe divi, zvitsuwa zvinonakidzwa nemamiriro ekunze emugungwa anoyevedza ane mhepo dzekutengesa nekuda kwepedyo nenzvimbo dzinopisa uye El Golfo ikozvino. Mhepo inosunda makore kuti aumbe aya makungwa akaisvonaka emakore, uye inopawo kunzwa kwokuti mvura inenge yakapfava uye yakadzikama.
Canary Islands iparadhiso ine avhareji tembiricha ye25 ºC gore rese, saka ichiitiko padanho revashanyi.
Aya ndiwo maitiro makuru ezvitsuwa:
- The Palm: inzvimbo ye708,32 square kilometers uye huwandu hwevanhu 83.458 miriyoni. Gomo reTeneguía rakanga risingavafariri, asi gore rakapera rakava nokumwe kuputika kwakaparadza zvikuru. Ndicho chitsuwa chechipiri chepamusoro-soro muboka, chine chikomo chepamusoro-soro, Roque de los Muchachos, pamamita 2.426. Iyo ine telescope yakakura kwazvo pasi rose - iyo Gran Telescopio Canarias ine girazi dhayamita 10,40 metres.
- The iron: Ndicho chitsuwa chidiki uye chine hutongi hwayo: 268,71 square kilometers uye chete 11.147 zviuru vagari. Iyi inzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu zvipenyu umo kuputika kukuru kwepasi pemvura kwakaitika makore gumi apfuura. Ndicho chitsuwa chekutanga pasi rose kuve nekuzvimiririra neine renewable energy.
- Tenerife: Chitsuwa chikuru, 2034,38 makiromita mativi. Ndiyo zvakare dunhu rine vanhu vakawanda rine 928.604 zviuru vagari. Inozivikanwa se "Yongquan Island", ine mahombekombe akanaka uye akawanda emapaki echisikigo. Hongu, ndiyo nzvimbo inogamuchira vashanyi vakapfuma kwazvo gore rega rega.
- Gran Canaria: Ndicho chitsuwa chechipiri chine vanhu vakawanda muzvitsuwa. Iine nharaunda ye1560 square kilometers, yakatenderera uye ine makomo. Iine nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuchera matongo uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinobva kumahombekombe egoridhe, kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzerenje kusvika kunzvimbo dzakasvibirira.
- Fuerteventura: 1659 square kilometers, iri padyo neAfrica. Iyo zvakare ndiyo yekare, geologically kutaura, uye yakanyanya kukukurwa. Yakanga iri biosphere reserve kubvira 2009.
- Lanzarote: Ndicho chitsuwa chekumabvazuva uye ndicho chekare pane zvitsuwa zvose. Nzvimbo yacho ndeye 845,94 square kilometers, uye guta guru iri Arrecife. Iine makomo anoputika uye yanga iri biosphere reserve kubvira 1993.
- The Graceful: Kutozosvikira nguva pfupi yapfuura chaingova chitsuwa chiduku, asi nhasi chitsuwa, chitsuwa chechisere chinogarwa muzvitsuwa zvacho. Ingori makiromita makumi maviri nepfumbamwe chete uye inogarwa nevanhu 29.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuti Canary Islands yakaumbwa sei uye maitiro avo.