Kuti Chadenga chakasikwa sei

Kwezviuru zvemakore, madzitateguru edu akatarisa denga achishamisika. Kubva pakukura kuri kuita zvirimwa kusvika kuti sei tiri munyika ino uye chii chinoitika kana tabva. Imwe yemibvunzo yakakurumbira yemetaphysical ndeyekuti ndiani kana chii chakatanga zvese, i.e. kuti zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa sei. Nekufamba kwenguva, nzira yesainzi yakatibvumira kupindura mimwe yemibvunzo iyi. Zvirimwa zvinokura nekuti zvinowana chiedza chezuva chakakwana uye kudya kunobva muvhu nemvura. Denga rine bhuruu nokuti masaisai anofamba mumhepo, uye tinorwara nokuti utachiona hunotirwisa. Asi Chadenga chakasikwa sei?

Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza kuti Universe yakagadzirwa sei uye kuti chii chaive mavambo ezvese.

Masikirwo akaitwa The Universe: Big Bang theory

Dzidziso yesainzi inonyanya kufarirwa uye inogamuchirwa nevakawanda idzidziso yeBig Bang. Sezvaungave wakaverenga kana kunzwa, Big Bang izita rakapihwa chiitiko chakavamba zvese zviripo. Maererano nedzidziso iyi, chadenga chakabva chawedzera nokukurumidza kubva pakatanga kuva chiduku zvikuru uye chakamanikidzika. Asi hapana kuputika chaiko, sekutaura kunoita izwi rekuti "kuputika".

Uropi hwako hunoputika paunoverenga: Chadenga hachina nzvimbo, nekuti hapana nzvimbo kana nguva yaivepo Big Bang isati yaitika, saka mavambo haakwanisi kuva pane imwe nzvimbo. Chatinongoziva ndechekuti denga rinoramba richikura uye richitonhorera. Uyezve, tinoziva kuti makwara enzou ari kufamba achibva kune rimwe nerimwe, uye ari kufamba nekukurumidza uye nekukurumidza (tichangowana iro renyeredzi riri kure kwazvo rinozivikanwa kusvika nhasi). Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane chimwe chinhu (chisingaoneki uye chisingaonekwi) "chinovasunda", izvo zvatinoziva sechinhu chakasviba. Muchokwadi, 5% chete yezvakasikwa inyaya yakajairwa (chii chinoumba iwe, Pasi, uye zvese zvinoonekwa zvimiro zviri muchadenga), asi 85% inyaya yakasviba uye 10% yasara isimba rerima. Kureva kuti, zvakawanda zviri muchadenga zvinoumbwa nezvinhu zvatisingagoni kuona kana kunzwisisa.

Iyo cosmic microwave kumashure kwemwaranzi chiratidzo chekuvapo kweBig Bang. Yakawanikwa muna 1965, inodzokera kune zvakasikwa "makore 380.000 chete". Nekuyera siginicha yemwaranzi iyi, zvisaririra zveBig Bang, tinokwanisa kuverenga makore anofungidzirwa epasirese (13.800 bhiriyoni makore).

Masikirwo akaitwa The Universe: Big Bounce theory

Kukushamiswa kwenyanzvi dzomuchadenga, denga rakati sandarara zvinoshamisa uye rakafanana. Ndiko kuti, pachinzvimbo chekugovewa kwenyonganyonga yenyaya nesimba, zvinhu zvese zvinoita sezviri kupfava uye zvinozviparadzira zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinoreva kuti panofanira kunge paine chimwe chiitiko chinobatsira pazviri. Apa ndipo panopinda zvinonzi nevefizikisi inflationary epochs, nguva iyo kubatana kwechinhu nesimba kunogona kuitika, zvichiita kuti chisiko chose chive chakafanana.

Dzidziso yekukwira kwemitengo yakatsanangurwa naAlan Guth muna 1981 kuti aedze kutsanangura kuti chii chakakonzera Big Bang uye kugovaniswa kwenyaya. Asi inflation inewo utera hwayo, uye mamwe masayendisiti haafungi kuti zvakakwana kutsanangura kufanana kwechisiko chapose pose.

Imwe nzira yekukwira kwemitengo, yakatsanangurwa naPrinceton University physicist uye purofesa Paul Steinhardt, ndiyo inonzi "Big Bounce", yakafanana ne "Big Bounce". Mubvunzurudzo neInstitute of Theoretical Physics yeUAM/CSIC, Steinhardt akatsanangura kuti pamberi peBig Bang pakanga pane nguva yepakutanga ye systolic. Chadenga chinopeta shure pachezvacho uye chinowedzera zvakare, chichinyatsotsanangura zvimiro zvakambotsanangurwa chete nekukwira kwemitengo.

Dzidziso yechadenga chinotenderera kana chinotenderera

Zita raRoger Penrose rinogona kunge richizivikanwa kwauri sezvo akahwina Mubairo weNobel muFizikisi muna 2020. Parizvino Penrose ndiye mumwe wevasainzi vakaongororwa zvakanyanya padzidziso yekwakabva denga. Akaronga dzidziso maererano nayo iyo chadenga chaizopfuura munguva dzekuwedzera uye kuderera munzira inotenderera. Saka ikozvino tichaenda kuburikidza nekuwedzera. Sezvakatsanangurwa muchinyorwa chino muKukurukurirana, kukonana kwakanyanyisa kuchadaidzwa kuti kudonhedza kukuru uye “kunenge kwakafanana nemasvomhu neBig Bang,” izvo zvichaitika kutsva kusati kwawedzera.

dzidziso dzakasiyana siyana

Imwe yezvinetso zvikuru nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzine pakutsanangura kwakabva zvinhu zvose ndeyokuti hatina dzidziso yehuwandu hwegiravhiti, "dzidziso yezvose." Muchidimbu, nyaya inozvibata zvakasiyana pachiyero che quantum (maatomu, ekutanga zvimedu) pane zvazvinoita pazvikero zvepamusoro, uye isu hatigone kutsanangura kuti sei izvi zvichiitika. Pachiyero che quantum, chimiro chemuviri chiripo munzvimbo yepamusoro yematunhu akati wandei panguva imwe chete, ichingoratidza imwe yadzo chero patinenge tichiiyera. Iyo yakakurumbira katsi dilemma yaSchrödinger inotsanangura zvakanyanya.

Dzidziso iyi ine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana ingatsanangura zvimwe zvinetso zvakawanikwa nenyanzvi dzomuchadenga kuti zvitsanangure matangiro akaita zvinhu zvose. Maererano nedzidziso iyi, kwaizova negadziriro yakasiyana yezvakasikwa, uye yedu inongova chikamu chiduku chezvakasiyana-siyana. Kuti dzidziso yezvakasiyana-siyana ishande, tinofanira kufungidzira mativi matanhatu (isu tinongosangana nematatu), asi dzimwe dzidziso dzepanyama, dzakadai setambo dzidziso, mumiriri we "dzidziso yezvose," anoratidza kuti pachava nechero mativi gumi panguva imwe chete. .

kurarama mukuenzanisa

Pakupedzisira, pane dzidziso isina kubviswa zvachose nevesainzi, kuti anogona kunge ari kurarama mumhando yeMatrix.

Semuyenzaniso, MIT cosmologist Max Tegmark akataura pahurukuro ye2016 yekukudza Isaac Asimov kuti mitemo yemasvomhu inotonga zvakasikwa inogona kurongeka nesu, mhedzisiro yealgorithms yakagadzirwa nevamwe vamiririri, kana kunyange, kutaura kushamisika kwehuropi hwako, ndivo vanhu pachavo vakagadzira kuenzanisa pane imwe nguva mune ramangwana kuti vagadzirise zvekare.

Zvinogonekawo kuti mamwe magariro akangwara akagadzira ichi chakaitwa sechinhu chekutsvagisa, kana kungonakidzwa. Iyi dzidziso yekupedzisira ndiyo inonyanya kukakavara pane dzose, uye hatina uchapupu hwokuti inogona kuva yechokwadi, kunyange zvazvo isingagoni kubviswa zvachose.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo Universe yakasikwa uye dzidziso dzayo.