Nyika inofamba ichitenderedza nyeredzi yedu, iro Zuva.Parutivi penzira yaro inopfuura nemumatanho akasiyana nekuremekedza. Kana yasvika yechando solstice inobvumirana kuti izuva rakapfupika uye husiku hwakareba kupfuura ose kuchamhembe kwezana uyezve mukumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Zuva iri rinowanzo Zvita 21.

Iyo nguva yechando solstice chiitiko chakakosha chinoratidza shanduko mune zvakasikwa uye nyeredzi kutenderera. Sezvenguva yechando yezuva, kuchamhembe hemisphere husiku hunotanga kupfupika zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika panguva yezhizha muna Chikumi.

Chii chinoitika panguva yechando solstice?

Planet Earth inosvika pane imwe nzira munzira yayo apo mwaranzi yezuva inorova pamusoro penyika nenzira imwecheteyo zvimwe oblique. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti Pasi rakanyanya kurerekera uye mwaranzi yezuva haigone kusvika zvakaringana. Izvi zvinokonzera maawa mashoma ezuva, kuchichiita iro rakapfupika zuva regore.

Pane zano rakaipa munzanga mune zvenguva yechando uye zhizha zvinoenderana nedaro kubva paNyika kusvika paZuva. Zvinonzwisisika kuti muzhizha kunopisa nekuti Nyika iri padyo neSuva uye munguva yechando inotonhora nekuti isu tsvaga kumberi. Nzira yePasi yakakomberedza Zuva inozivikanwa sekushandura ine elliptical chimiro. Pamatsutso nemuchando maequinox, Nyika uye zuva ndizvo panguva imwechete uye pakufunga kwakafanana. Zvisinei, zvinopesana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, Nyika iri padyo neSuva munguva yechando uye nekure kure muzhizha. Zvingaitwe sei zvino kuti titonhorere munguva yechando?

Kupfuura chinzvimbo chePasi maererano neZuva, chii chinokanganisa tembiricha yepasi kurereka nayo maranzi ezuva akarova pamusoro. Munguva yechando, pa solstice, Nyika iri padyo neZuva, asi kurerekera kwayo ndiko kwakakwirira kwazvo muNorth Hemisphere. Ndokusaka kana mwaranzi yasvika pamusoro penyika yakarerekera zvakanyanya, zuva racho rakapfupika uye zvakare risina kusimba, saka hadziiti kupisa mhepo zvakanyanya uye inotonhora. In the southern hemisphere zvinopesana zvinoitika. Mwaranzi yacho yakarova pamusoro penyika nenzira yakatwasuka uye yakananga kuitira kuti kwavari, muna Zvita 21, zhizha rinotanga. Aya mamiriro ePasi maererano neZuva anonzi Perihelion.

Kune rimwe divi, muzhizha, Nyika ndiyo yakanyanya kureba kubva paZuva munzira yayo yese. Nekudaro, iko kuda kuchamhembe hemisphere kunoita kuti mwaranzi yezuva inowira zvakaringana kuchamhembe kwenyika uye nekudaro inodziya uye mazuva akareba. Aya mamiriro ePasi maererano neZuva anonzi Aphelion.

Nguva yechando solstice uye tsika

Munhoroondo yese, vanhu vakapemberera nguva yechando yezuva. Kune dzimwe tsika, kutanga kwegore ndiZvita 21, zvinoenderana nekutanga kwechando. Mamwe maIndo-maEuropean madzinza aivewo nemhemberero uye tsika dzekupemberera zuva iri. VaRoma vakapemberera Saturnalia, mukukudza mwari asingazivikanwi, uye mumazuva akatevera vakanamata Mithras, mukuremekedza mwari wechiedza akagara nhaka kubva kuvaPersia.

Kune tsika dzekare, iyo nguva yechando solstice inomiririra kukunda kwechiedza kurwisa rima. Zviri kuziva kuti izvi ndizvo zvazviri kana paine maawa mashoma echiedza munguva yechando. Zvisinei, izvi zvakadaro nekuti kubva panguva yechando, husiku huchave hupfupi uye hupfupi uye, nekudaro, masikati anokunda husiku.

Nguva yechando yezuva inopawo kumutsa kumitambo mizhinji yechihedheni netsika. Zvita 21 yakapembererwa mu Stonehenge sezvo Zuva remwaka wechando solstice rinoenderana nematombo akakosha echinhu ichi. Nhasi muGuatemala, solstice yechando ichiri kupembererwa kuburikidza netsika ye "Dhanzi remapepa". Uku kutamba kune vanhu vakati wandei vachitendeuka nekutamba vakakomberedza danda.

Denderedzwa raGoseck

Iyi denderedzwa iri kuGerman muSaxony-Anhalt. Inosanganisira nhevedzano yemaketuru akachekererwa pasi. Inofungidzirwa, sekureva kwevanochera matongo uye vanyori venhoroondo vakapoterera Makore zviuru mazana manomwe uye kuti chaive chiitiko chetsika dzezvinamato uye zvibairo. Pavakazviona, vakaona kuti kwaive nemikova miviri mudenderedzwa rekunze raive rakaenderana neyechando solstice. Ndokusaka izvi zvichiratidza kuti kuvakwa kwayo kuri nekuda kwerudzi rwemutero kuzuva iri regore.

Stonehenge, Great Britain

Sezvatakambotaura, kuStonehenge nguva yechando yaipembererwa nekuda kwekuti mwaranzi yezuva inoenderana neatari yepakati nedombo rekubaira. Iyi shongwe ine nezve Makore zviuru zvishanu uye inozivikanwa munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika, ichive chiitiko chakakosha chetsika uye kucherechedza nyeredzi kwemazana emakore.

Newgrange, Ireland

Pane murwi wakavakwa 5.000 makore apfuura yakafukidzwa nouswa uye yakakomberedzwa nematanera uye migero kuchamhembe kwakadziva kuIreland. Nezuva remwaka wechando zuva ndiro rinopinda mumakamuri ese makuru, ayo, sekureva kwenyanzvi, anoratidza kuti chivakwa chakavakirwa kurangarira zuva iri.

Tulum, Mexico

Pamhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva eMexico, muYucatan Peninsula, Tulum iguta rekare rakakomberedzwa nemasvingo raive reMayan. Imwe yezvivakwa zvakavakirwa ipapo ine buri kumusoro iro rinokonzeresa kupisa kana zuva rechando uye zhizha solstice richienderana nazvo. Ichi chivakwa chakaramba chakasimba kudzamara huwandu hweMayan hwawa pamwe nekuuya kweSpanish.

Nei zuva regore rechando richichinja gore negore?

Zuva iro rinotanga nguva yechando rinogona kuitika pamisi yakasiyana, asi nguva dzose kutenderedza mazuva mamwe chete. Mazuva mana aanogona kuitika ari pakati Zvita 20 na23, zvese zvinosanganisira. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenzira inoteerana nekutevedzana kwemakore zvichienderana nekarenda ratinawo. Zvichienderana nekuti gore iri igore rekukwakuka here kana kuti kwete uye zvinoenderana nenguva yekutenderera kwega kwega kwePasi kwakakomberedza Zuva. Kana Pasi richiita shanduko chaiyo kutenderedza Zuva rinozivikanwa segore remvura.

Mukati mezana redu ramakumi maviri nemasere, nguva yechando ichatanga mumazuva kubva Zvita 20 kusvika 22.

Nguva yechando solstice uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze

Kwakasiyana misiyano yepasi inotenderera, kusanganisira izvo zvine hukama ne precession, redistribute, pamusoro yakareba nguva, chiitiko chezuva mwaranzi pamusoro penyika.

Precession kana pasi roll ndiko kutenderera kunoitwa neiyo Earth axis. Iyo axis inotsanangura inofungidzira denderedzwa muchadenga uye inoteedzera shanduko makore ese mashanu. Izvi zvinei chekuita nekudziya kwepasi uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze?

Pamusoro pemamirioni apfuura, aya misiyano isinganzwisisike muepasi rePasi yakakonzera kudzikira kukuru uye kuwedzera mumatunhu methane uye carbon dioxide. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti girinihausi gasi kuisa mukati kunopindura zvakanyanya mukusiyana panguva yemubhedha wenyika zhizha, ndiko kuti, nguva yegore apo danda rekuchamhembe rinonongedzera kuzuva.

Kupisa kwezhizha kuchamhembe kwehemisphere kunosvika pakukwiridzira kamwe chete pamakore makumi maviri nemaviri, apo kuchamhembe kwezhizha kunoenderana nekupfuura kwePasi nenzvimbo iri padyo neSuva uye kuchamhembe hemisphere inogamuchira mwenje wezuva wakanyanya.

Pane zvinopesana, kupisa kwezhizha kunosvika ayo mashoma makore zviuru gumi nemana gare gare, kana demo repasi ratendeuka kuti rive nekwakatarisana. Iyo yekuchamhembe hemisphere ichave iine mashoma ezhizha mwaranzi yezuva nekuti Nyika iri muchinzvimbo kure kure nezuva.

Methane uye kabhoni dhayokisaidhi yakakwira ikawira mukuenderana neshanduko muchiitiko chezuva mwaranzi pasi rese Makore mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ekupedzisira.

Makore gumi nerimwe ega ega pane solstice yechando iri kudziya sezvo chiitiko chezuva mwaranzi kuchamhembe hemisphere chakakura uye, nekusiyana, kune imwe nguva yechando solstice kana uchizadzisa precession lap, iri kutonhora sezvo mwaranzi yezuva ichisvika yakanyanya kurerekera. Zvinonzi gasi yekukanganisa gasi iri kuwedzera zvakasikwa nekuti tave kusvika panguva yekufungidzira umo pasi rinogashira mwaranzi yakawanda yezuva, asi isu tinoziva kwazvo, kuti zvakasikwa, zvaisazowedzera zvakanyanya. avhareji tembiricha iri kuwedzera zvakanyanya.

Nezvose izvi iwe unogona kuziva zvishoma nezve iyo nguva yechando solstice uye kukosha kwayo mutsika dzepasi uye munhoroondo yese.